Pain relief ‐ descriptive data
Study	Pain scale used	LF TENS	Placebo	Conclusion
Placebo TENS
Thomas 1995	Total Pain measure on 100mm VAS 3 x day for 3 days Max score = 900 Pretreatment scores mean: 375 std dev: 157	mean: 245 std dev: 187 n=12	mean: 387 std dev: 167 n=12	Low Frequency TENS is more effective at reducing pain than Placebo TENS (using ANOVA, p<0.05)
Placebo Pill
Neighbors 1987	Mean pain scores on 10cm VAS	mean: 0.54 std dev: 0.79 n: 10 range: 0.00‐2.00	mean: 3.30 std dev: 2.451 n: 10 range: 0.2‐7.5	Low frequency TENS is more effective at reducing pain than Placebo pill (using ANOVA, p<0.05)