Huam 1997.

Methods	Quasi‐RCT; 2 parallel groups. Unit of randomization: individual.
Participants	Dates of data collection: September 1994 to April 1995. Setting: University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Inclusion criteria: elective CS. Exclusion criteria: allergic to penicillin, evidence of infection, premature rupture of membranes, receiving antibiotics prior to CS.
Interventions	Intervention: augmentin (amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid)1.2 g IV either at the time general anesthesia was induced or after epidural block; N = 100. Comparison: no treatment: no treatment; N = 100.
Outcomes	Febrile morbidity (fever > 38°C twice at least 4 hrs apart after the 1st 24 hrs); wound sepsis (defined and graded as a) erythema and/or induration, b) serous oozing, c) presence of pus, d) wound dehiscence); UTI (routine midstream urine on 3rd post‐operative day > 100,000 organisms/mL); endometritis (fever, uterine tenderness and foul smelling lochia); pneumonia (cough, fever and/or radiographic evidence of pulmonary consolidation).
Notes	Class of antibiotic: beta‐lactamase inhibitor combination. Subgroups: elective CS; before cord clamping. "Both the study groups and control group were comparable in terms of patient characteristics and operative variables."
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Quote: "Alternately allocated to either antibiotic group or control group". Comment: quasi‐RCT.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information provided.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: no loss of participants to follow‐up; no participant excluded after analysis; ITT analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: insufficient information to judge.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comment: no blinding; not placebo‐controlled.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comment: probably outcome assessment was not blinded.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other sources of bias identified.