Guillo 2020.
| Study characteristics | |||
| Patient Sampling | Study design: patients with suspected COVID‐19, all symptomatic | ||
| Patient characteristics and setting | Age group: adults only Setting: outpatient |
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| Index tests | Index test(s): chest CT (IV contrast) Definition for positive diagnosis on CT: a structured report about the probability of COVID‐19 pneumonia based on the presence of GGOs with or without crazy‐paving pattern, isolated or admixed with perilobular or linear consolidation, their peripheral or central distribution, etc. Level of training of readers: resident Prevalence: 0.6 |
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| Target condition and reference standard(s) | Reference standard: RT‐PCR once; twice in some | ||
| Flow and timing | |||
| Comparative | |||
| Notes | |||
| Methodological quality | |||
| Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
| DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
| Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Yes | ||
| Was a case‐control design avoided? | Yes | ||
| Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | No | ||
| Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? | High risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? | Low concern | ||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Chest CT) | |||
| Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Yes | ||
| If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Yes | ||
| Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Low concern | ||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Chest X‐ray) | |||
| DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Ultrasound of the lungs) | |||
| DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
| Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | No | ||
| Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Unclear | ||
| Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? | High risk | ||
| Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? | Low concern | ||
| DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
| Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Yes | ||
| Did all patients receive the same reference standard? | Yes | ||
| Were all patients included in the analysis? | Yes | ||
| Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||