Comparison 1. Pilates versus minimal intervention.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Pain	6		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Short‐term (< 3/12 months from randomisation)	6	265	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐14.05 [‐18.91, ‐9.19]
1.2 Intermediate‐term (more than 3/12 months, less than 12/12 months)	2	146	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐10.54 [‐18.46, ‐2.62]
2 Disability	5		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Short‐term (< 3/12 months from randomisation)	5	248	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐7.95 [‐13.23, ‐2.67]
2.2 Intermediate‐term (more than 3/12 months, less than 12/12 months)	2	146	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐11.17 [‐18.41, ‐3.92]
3 Function	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
3.1 Short‐term (< 3/12 months from randomisation)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.2 Intermediate‐term (more than 3/12 months, less than 12/12 months)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4 Global impression of recovery	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
4.1 Short‐term (< 3/12 months from randomisation)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.2 Intermediate‐term (more than 3/12, less than 12/12 months)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]