14. Vital signs: continuous outcomes.

Intervention/Comparison	Outcome	Results: treatment effect (95% CI) unless otherwise stated	Number of participants (studies)	Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments: overview authors' assessment of the certainty of evidence
Addition of IV SABA to inhaled SABA (Travers 2012a)	Pulse rate (beats/min) at 2 hours	MD 10.00 (‐1.07 to 21.07)	29 (1)	Moderate	Certainty downgraded due to serious imprecision
Oral LTRA vs control (Watts 2012)	Change in respiratory rate (breaths/min) (final assessment)	MD ‐4.60 (‐6.84 to ‐2.36)	50 (1)	High
Heliox vs placebo for non‐intubated asthma patients (Rodrigo 2006)	Heart rate (beats/min)	MD 0.0 (‐13.80 to 13.80)	22 (1)	Low	Serious imprecision. SR shows asymmetrical funnel plot, suggesting publication bias
	SaO2	MD 0.0 (‐2.51 to 2.51)	22 (1)	Low	Serious imprecision. SR shows asymmetrical funnel plot, suggesting publication bias
IV aminophylline + SABA + systemic steroids vs. placebo + SABA + systemic steroids (Mitra 2005)	Blood pressure	Not estimable	2 (1)	Very low	Certainty downgraded due to very serious imprecision and risk of bias in review (single author reviewed each abstract)

CI: confidence interval; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonist; MD: mean difference; SABA: short‐acting beta2‐agonist; SaO2: oxygen saturation.