18. Withdrawals.
| Intervention/Comparison | Outcome | Illustrative comparative risks (95% CI) | Relative effect: risk ratio (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments: overview authors' assessment of the certainty of evidence | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | ||||||
| With comparator | With intervention | ||||||
| Oral LTRA vs control (Watts 2012) | Withdrawals | 28 per 1000 | 28 per 1000 (4 to 178) | 1.00 (0.16 to 6.34) | 143 (2) | Low | Downgraded due to very serious imprecision |
| IV LTRA vs control (Watts 2012) | Withdrawals | 31 per 1000 | 35 per 1000 (10 to 126) | 1.13 (0.31 to 4.12) | 276 (1) | Low | Downgraded due to very serious imprecision |
| Inhaled anticholinergics + SABA vs SABA alone for children hospitalised with asthma (Vezina 2014) | Overall withdrawals | 122 per 1000 | 76 per 1000 (38 to 154) | 0.62 (0.31 to 1.26) | 294 (2) | Low | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) and serious imprecision |
| Withdrawals due to deterioration | 19 per 1000 | 39 per 1000 (7 to 206) | 2.04 (0.38 to 10.89) | 210 (1) | Very low | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) and very serious imprecision | |
| IV aminophylline + SABA + systemic steroids vs placebo + SABA + systemic steroids (Mitra 2005) | Withdrawals due to adverse health effects: all patients | 11 per 1000 | 16 per 1000 (9 to 75) | 1.48 (0.32 to 6.85) | 370 (7) | Very low | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) and very serious imprecision |
| Withdrawals due to adverse health effects: mean theophylline levels < 15 mg/L | 22 per 1000 | 32 per 1000 (7 to 148) | 1.48 (0.32 to 6.85) | 186 (5) | Very low | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) and very serious imprecision | |
| Withdrawals due to adverse health effects: mean theophylline levels ≥ 15 mg/L | 0 per 1000 | 0 (not estimable) | Not estimable | 184 (2) | Very low | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) and very serious imprecision | |
| Withdrawals due to poor asthma control: all patients | 16 per 1000 | 11 per 1000 (2 to 63) | 0.70 (0.13 to 3.90) | 370 (7) | Very low | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) and very serious imprecision | |
| Withdrawals due to poor asthma control: mean theophylline levels < 15 mg/L | 32 per 1000 | 22 per 1000 (4 to 126) | 0.70 (0.13 to 3.90) | 186 (5) | Very low | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) and very serious imprecision | |
| Withdrawals due to poor asthma control: mean theophylline levels ≥ 15 mg/L | 0 per 1000 | 0 (not estimable) | Not estimable | 184 (2) | Very low | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) and very serious imprecision | |
| Withdrawals due to any cause | 38 per 1000 | 63 per 1000 (26 to 154) | 1.65 (0.67 to 4.07) | 371 (7) | Moderate | Certainty downgraded due to risk of bias in review (single author selected possible citations) | |
CI: confidence interval; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonist; mg/L: milligrams per litre; SABA: short acting beta2‐agonist.