Son 2019.
Study characteristics | |||
Patient Sampling | Prospective cohort of patients with cirrhosis Age range: 52‐62. Male 57% |
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Patient characteristics and setting | |||
Index tests | Ultrasound; positivity criteria according to US LI‐RAD category | ||
Target condition and reference standard(s) | CT MRI pathological examination | ||
Flow and timing | MRI within 7 days, additional CT within 3 months | ||
Comparative | |||
Notes | Conflicts of interest present and reported | ||
Methodological quality | |||
Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Yes | ||
Was a case‐control design avoided? | Yes | ||
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | Yes | ||
Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (AFP) | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | |||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | |||
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | |||
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | |||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (US+AFP) | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | |||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | |||
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | |||
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | |||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (US) | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Yes | ||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Yes | ||
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | Yes | ||
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Yes | ||
Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Yes | ||
Did all patients receive the same reference standard? | Yes | ||
Were all patients included in the analysis? | Yes | ||
Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | Low risk |