Table 1. Characteristics of study participants in North Shewa, Ethiopia.
| All participants N = 392, n (%) | Males N = 136, n (%) | Females N = 256, n (%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.2 ± 14.4 | 42.6 ± 14.4 | 40.5 ± 14.3 | 0.166 |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 316 (80.6) | 109 (80.1) | 207 (80.9) | 0.894 |
| Rural | 76 (19.4) | 27 (19.9) | 49 (19.1) | |
| Education | ||||
| < high school | 196 (50.0) | 70 (51.5) | 126 (49.2) | 0.750 |
| ≥ high school | 196 (50.0) | 66 (48.5) | 130 (50.8) | |
| Duration of HIV infection | ||||
| ≤ 5years | 85 (21.7) | 25 (18.4) | 60 (23.4) | 0.303 |
| > 5 years | 307 (78.3) | 111 (81.6) | 196 (76.6) | |
| Duration on ART | ||||
| ≤ 5years | 147 (37.5) | 47 (34.6) | 100 (39.1) | 0.443 |
| > 5 years | 245 (62.5) | 89 (65.4) | 156 (60.9) | |
| ARV regimen combinations | ||||
| TDF/ 3TC/NVP | 89 (22.7) | 30 (22.1) | 59 (23.0) | 0.212 |
| TDF/ 3TC/EFV | 76 (19.4) | 33 (24.3) | 43 (16.8) | |
| AZT/ 3TC/NVP | 88 (22.4) | 23 (16.9) | 65 (25.4) | |
| AZT/ 3TC/EFV | 68 (17.3) | 21 (15.4) | 47 (18.4) | |
| D4T/ 3TC/NVP | 38 (9.7) | 16 (11.8) | 22 (8.6) | |
| D4T/ 3TC/EFV | 33 (8.4) | 13 (9.6) | 20 (7.8) | |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 400.9 ± 290.9 | 401.8 ± 297.6 | 400.5 ± 287.9 | 0.967 |
| < 200 | 120 (30.6) | 45 (33.1) | 75 (29.3) | 0.490 |
| ≥ 200 | 272 (69.4) | 91 (66.9) | 181 (70.7) | |
| Smoking | 13 (3.3) | 11 (8.1) | 2 (0.8) | 0.001 |
| Alcohol use | 38 (9.7) | 17 (12.5) | 19 (7.4) | 0.197 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 20.5 ± 3.1 | 20.3 ± 3.4 | 20.5 ± 3.0 | 0.464 |
| < 25 | 352 (89.8) | 121 (89.0) | 231 (90.2) | 0.727 |
| ≥ 25 | 40 (10.2) | 15 (11.0) | 25 (9.8) |
ARV, antiretroviral; TDF, tenofovir; AZT, zidovudine; D4T, stavudine; 3TC, lamivudine; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine