Table 4.
Mechanical properties of biological tissues, commonly used spinal cage materials and manufactured lattice structures
| Sy/failure stress* [MPa] | Young’s Modulus E [GPa] | Sy/E [x 10−3] | S/V [mm−1] | Permeability [x 10−9 m2] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortical bone | 42–176 | 7–30 | 5.9–6 | 2–4 | 0.5–44.5 | ||
| Trabecular bone | 0.2–10.5 | 0.043–0.165 | 5–60 | 1–6 | |||
| Vertebrae | 3–6* | 0.374 | 8–16 | 2–3 | |||
| PEEK [72] | 97.5 | 3.9 | 25 | - | - | ||
| Ti-6Al-4V [53] | 1120 | 114 | 9.8 | - | - | ||
| Ti64 Diamond lattice | φ [%] | 61.2 | 133 | 4.3 | 30.7 | 3.43 | 5.71–41.7 |
| 69.6 | 82 | 2.7 | 30.0 | 3.50 | 8.26–53.9 | ||
| 76.3 | 52 | 1.9 | 27.6 | 3.52 | 9.84–57.2 | ||
| Ti64 Gyroid lattice | φ [%] | 59.2 | 160 | 4.8 | 33.3 | 3.04 | 5.15–32.0 |
| 69.0 | 108 | 3.9 | 27.6 | 3.35 | 7.28–46.9 | ||
| 72.3 | 85 | 3.4 | 25.3 | 3.66 | 7.55–50.1 | ||