Table 4.
Comparison of patients with and without pericardial effusion after cardiac device implantation — clinical and laboratory variables.
| Variable | With pericardial effusion (n = 8) | Without pericardial effusion (n = 102) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 77.5 (68.0–83.0) | 78.5 (68.8–84.0) | 0.96 |
| Female gender | 75% | 41% | 0.08 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 26.1 (24.8–34.1); n = 7 | 28.0 (24.0–30.8); n = 84 | 0.94 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 75% | 78% | 1.00 |
| Coronary artery disease | 63% | 35% | 0.12 |
| Previous MI | 25% | 18% | 0.64 |
| Prior PCI | 25% | 19% | 0.65 |
| Prior CABG | 13% | 6.9% | 0.47 |
| Heart failure | 25% | 46% | 0.30 |
| Atrial fibrillation: | 50% | 56% | 1.00 |
| Paroxysmal | 38% | 28% | 0.69 |
| Persistent | 13% | 4.9% | 0.37 |
| Permanent | 0% | 23% | 0.20 |
| Diabetes | 13% | 27% | 0.68 |
| Obesity | 13% | 33% | 0.42 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 75% | 67% | 1.00 |
| Current or former smoking | 25% | 33% | 1.00 |
| Pharmacotherapy | |||
| Anticoagulation: | 63% | 68% | 1.00 |
| Rivaroxaban | 25% | 20% | 0.60 |
| Dabigatran | 13% | 5.9% | 0.36 |
| Vitamin K antagonist | 13% | 20% | 1.00 |
| LMWH as bridging therapy | 13% | 33% | 0.64 |
| Single antiplatelet therapy | 25% | 26% | 1.00 |
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 13% | 2.9% | 0.26 |
| Diuretics | 75% | 73% | 1.00 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Hemoglobin [g/dL] | 12.0 (11.7–12.8) | 13.0 (12.1–14.1) | 0.04 |
| WBC count [103/mm3] | 8.3 (6.3–10.1) | 7.0 (5.9–8.3) | 0.13 |
| Platelets [103/mm3] | 219 (169–272) | 204 (151–243) | 0.38 |
| Serum creatinine [mg/dL] | 1.17 (0.74–1.28) | 1.10 (0.91–1.38) | 0.53 |
| eGFR [mL/min/1.73 m2] | 52 (45–60) | 57 (44–60) | 0.80 |
| CRP [mg/L] | 5.6 (1.2–12.5) | 2.3 (1.3–5.5); n = 92 | 0.34 |
| NT-proBNP [pg/mL] | 774 (430–5104); n = 7 | 1187 (559–2240); n = 71 | 0.97 |
| INR | 1.0 (0.99–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2); n = 96 | 0.36 |
| APTT [s] | 30.4 (27.3–35.3); n = 7 | 31.0 (27.4–35.9); n = 90 | 0.86 |
APTT — activated partial thromboplastin time; BMI - body mass index; CABG — coronary artery bypass grafting; CRP — C-reactive protein; eGFR — estimated glomerular filtration rate; INR — international normalized ratio LMWH — low-molecular weight heparin; MI — myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP — N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PCI — percutaneous coronary intervention; PT — prothrombin time; WBC — white blood cell