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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Control Release. 2020 Apr 6;323:240–252. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.040

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

“Bottom-up” and “top-down” design of DNA nanostructures. (a) Holliday junction in DNA nanotechnology. Reproduced with permission from ref 19. Copyright 1982 Elsevier. (b) Different types of crossovers. Reprinted with permission from ref 23. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (c) DNA octahedron and icosahedron assembled from four- and five-point star tiles. Reproduced with permissions from refs 28 and 29. Copyright 2008 National Academy of Sciences and 2010 Wiley-VCH. (d) DNA origami and examples of assembled 2D shapes. Reproduced with permission from ref 30. Copyright 2006 Nature Publishing Group. (e) 3D Hollow tetrahedron and cube, assembled by welding of 2D sheets. Reproduced with permissions from refs 33 and 34. Copyright 2009 Nature Publishing Group and 2009 American Chemical Society. (f) single-stranded tile (SST) design and assembled 3D structures. Reproduced with permission from ref 35. Copyright 2012 American Association for the Advancement of Science. DNA wireframe structures: cubes (g) and nanotubes (h). Reprinted with permission from ref 37 and 38. Copyright 2012, 2013 American Chemical Society.