Supplementary Table 1.
Association Between Operating Margins and Citation for Infection Prevention and Control
| Cited in At Least 1 y, OR (95% CI) | Cited in All 3 y, OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Operating margin % quintile categories [reference group: fifth quintile (5.1-18.3)] |
||
| First quintile (−184.9 to −10.9) | 1.400 (1.178, 1.664) | 1.739 (1.464, 2.067) |
| Second quintile (−10.9 to −3.7) | 1.253 (1.093, 1.437) | 1.613 (1.342, 1.939) |
| Third quintile (−3.7 to 0.5) | 1.277 (1.097, 1.485) | 1.518 (1.242, 1.855) |
| Fourth quintile (0.5-5.1) | 1.118 (0.966, 1.293) | 1.208 (1.039, 1.404) |
| ADL index | 0.983 (0.955, 1.013) | 0.999 (0.959, 1.040) |
| RUG case mix index | 1.017 (0.585, 1.768) | 1.585 (0.904, 2.781) |
| Facility total beds | 1.003 (1.000, 1.005) | 1.003 (1.001, 1.005) |
| Occupancy % | 0.998 (0.994, 1.003) | 0.990 (0.983, 0.998) |
| Medicaid | 1.001 (0.998, 1.004) | 0.998 (0.994, 1.002) |
| Medicare | 1.004 (0.996, 1.012) | 0.995 (0.989, 1.002) |
| Age | 0.972 (0.959, 0.986) | 0.977 (0.957, 0.997) |
| Female % | 1.004 (0.997, 1.011) | 1.001 (0.990, 1.012) |
| White % | 0.997 (0.993, 1.002) | 0.997 (0.994, 1.001) |
| Staffing hours per resident day | ||
| CNA | 0.860 (0.768, 0.962) | 0.940 (0.842, 1.049) |
| LPN | 1.151 (0.971, 1.363) | 1.069 (0.877, 1.303) |
| RN | 0.638 (0.490, 0.831) | 0.667 (0.453, 0.982) |
| Urban or rural | ||
| Large rural town | 0.980 (0.861, 1.117) | 0.923 (0.737, 1.156) |
| Small rural town | 0.846 (0.695, 1.030) | 0.824 (0.592, 1.148) |
| Isolated rural | 0.765 (0.572, 1.023) | 0.750 (0.494, 1.139) |
| For-profit | 1.168 (1.027, 1.328) | 1.442 (1.127, 1.846) |
| Multifacility organization | 0.947 (0.850, 1.055) | 0.915 (0.787, 1.064) |
| Competitive market | 0.946 (0.794, 1.127) | 1.101 (0.840, 1.444) |
| Number of observations | 12,175 | 12,023 |
ADL, activities of daily living; CNA, certified nursing assistant; LPN, licensed practical nurse; RN, registered nurse; RUG, resource utilization groups.
We defined operating margins as net patient income (net patient revenues minus total operating expenses) divided by net patient revenues. The regressions show odds ratios from logistic regressions after adjusting for state fixed effects. We excluded 249 facilities with operating margins in the top and bottom 1 percentile.