Table 4.

Recurring frequency of challenge related themes emerged through the data analysis.

Major themes	Subthemes	f (%)
Hidden curriculum	1. Presence of negative role model college communities	45 (13.08)
	2. Lack of attention among the college instructional actors	39 (11.34)
	3. Lack of awareness among college instructional actors	16 (4.65)
	4. Lack of commitment among instructional leaders	13 (3.78)
	5. Negative prior and current state of prospective teachers	40 (11.63)
	6. Lack of sense of ownership among instructional leaders	7 (2.03)
	7. Wrong perception among college communities	5 (1.45)
	8. Teacher educators' incompetence	5 (1.45)
	9. Institutional system related	60 (17.44)
	10. The geographical location of the college	3 (0.87)
	11. Resource scarcity	29 (8.43)
	12. Nature of DADs	2 (0.58)
	13. Poor institutional culture	3 (0.87)
	Total	267 (77.62)
Societal curriculum	1. Presence of negative role model societal members	17 (4.94)
	2. Political system problem	10 (2.91)
	3. Negative technological influence	15 (4.36)
	4. Unemployment	3 (0.87)
	5. REB system related	18 (5.23)
	Total	63 (18.31)
Official curriculum	1. Negligence of some courses curricula about DADs	14 (4.07)
	Total	14 (4.07)
Overall total f (%)		344 (100)