Table 5.
DEGsa associated with reproduction (H vs. M)
| Gene | FC b | Function |
|---|---|---|
| WNT7A (Wnt family member 7A) | 0.1 | Secreted signaling protein. Essential player in female reproductive tract development and uterine function |
| GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3) | 0.1 | Transcription factor. Critical for the embryonic development and inflammatory and immune responses. Contribute to leptin inhibition of PPARc1 expression (Guan et al., 2017) |
| LEF1 (lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1) | 0.3 | LEF1 showed lower expression levels in endometrium of patients with recurrent implantation failure compared with fertile women (Koler et al., 2009) |
| IL10 (interleukin 10) | 0.3 | Anti-inflammatory cytokine. Present in oocytes and granulosa cells. Block NF-κB activity. Regulate JAK-STAT signaling pathway (Jatesada et al., 2013) |
| PRDM1 (PR/SET domain 1) | 0.5 | Germ cell marker. Repressor of beta-interferon (β-IFN) gene expression |
| ETS1 (ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor) | 0.5 | Transcription factor. Androgen up-regulates NR4A1 via the ETS signaling networks. ETS-NR4A1 signaling networks participate in PCOS (Song et al., 2019) |
| INSL3 (insulin-like 3) | 0.4 | INSL-3 initiates meiotic progression in follicle-enclosed oocytes by mediating a reduction in intra-oocyte cAMP concentration (Gambineri et al., 2007) |
| LHCGR (luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor) | 2.6 | Transmembrane receptor. Interacts with both luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropins and represents a G protein-coupled receptor |
| HAS1 (hyaluronan synthase 1) | 4.0 | Hyaluronan is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. Gonadotropin-regulated hyaluronan synthesis is involved in normal follicle growth |
| AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone) | 40.8 | Ovarian reserve marker. Long-term usage of combined oral contraceptives significantly suppressed serum AMH level (Landersoe et al., 2020) |
| MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9) | 2.4 | Degradation of the extracellular matrix. Correlated with an increased risk for idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion (Pereza et al., 2012) |
| EDN1 (endothelin 1) | 4.2 | Essential player in prostaglandin F2α induced luteolysis (Doerr et al., 2008). Related with preeclampsia (Galaviz-Hernandez et al., 2016) |
| ANGPT2 (angiopoietin 2) | 0.4 | Involved in vascular permeability and inflammation. Increased in early pregnancy (Woolnough et al., 2012). Indicative of preeclampsia (Han et al., 2012) |
| FSHR (follicle stimulating hormone receptor) | 6.3 | G protein-coupled receptor. Necessary for follicular development |
aDEGs differentially expressed genes
bFC fold change