Table 1.
Change over time in noticing NVP health warning labels, health and safety leaflets, and concern about NVPs between 2016 (wave 1) and 2018 (wave 2)*
| Noticed a health warning label (n=19 005) | Noticed a health and safety leaflet (n=19005) | Concern about NVP among those who noticed a health warning label (n=2320) ‡ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waves | N (%) | AOR (95% CI) | P value | N (%) | AOR (95% CI) | P value | N (%) | AOR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Model 1: changes within each country between wave 1 and wave 2 | ||||||||||
| England | 1 | 201 (4.9) | ref | 599 (14.6) | ref | 52 (25.8) | ref | |||
| 2 | 430 (9.4) | 1.64 (1.15–2.36) | 0.007 | 877 (19.1) | 1.42 (1.15–1.74) | 0.001 | 63 (14.7) | 0.52 (0.25–1.08) | 0.081 | |
| Canada | 1 | 254 (7.0) | ref | 680 (18.7) | ref | 95 (37.3) | ref | |||
| 2 | 188 (5.1) | 0.65 (0.50–0.86) | 0.003 | 643 (17.4) | 1.03 (0.85–1.19) | 0.977 | 62 (33.1) | 0.68 (0.40–1.16) | 0.157 | |
| US | 1 | 188 (7.0) | ref | 398 (14.9) | ref | 55 (29.2) | ref | |||
| 2 | 180 (6.5) | 0.74 (0.54–1.02) | 0.068 | 385 (13.8) | 0.91 (0.73–1.15) | 0.450 | 51 (28.5) | 0.93 (0.46–1.90) | 0.843 | |
| Australia | 1 | 39 (2.7) | ref | 156 (10.6) | ref | 5 (13.9) | ref | |||
| 2 | 71 (4.8) | 0.94 (0.56–1.60) | 0.832 | 186 (12.5) | 0.94 (0.67–1.33) | 0.734 | 8 (11.2) | 1.58 (0.38–6.56) | 0.526 | |
| Changes between wave 1 and 2 by country interaction § | ||||||||||
| Change between waves | Change between waves | Change between waves | ||||||||
| England | 4.50% | 4.50% | −11.10% | |||||||
| Canada | −1.90% | 2.51 (1.71–3.69) | <0.001 | −1.30% | 1.42 (1.12–1.79) | 0.004 | −4.20% | 0.76 (0.36–1.60) | 0.470 | |
| US | −0.50% | 2.22 (1.45–3.39) | <0.001 | −1.10% | 1.55 (1.17–2.06) | 0.002 | −0.70% | 0.56 (0.23–1.36) | 0.198 | |
| Australia | 2.10% | 1.74 (0.95–3.21) | 0.075 | 1.90% | 1.51 (1.02–2.22) | 0.039 | −2.70% | 0.33 (0.07–1.58) | 0.165 | |
| Model 2: changes within smoking and vaping status between wave 1 and wave 2 | ||||||||||
| Concurrent | 1 | 299 (9.7) | ref | 729 (23.8) | ref | 111 (37.3) | ref | |||
| 2 | 328 (11.5) | 1.02 (0.82–1.28) | 0.867 | 712 (24.9) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 0.237 | 93 (28.3) | 0.60 (0.27–0.98) | 0.042 | |
| Daily NVP | 1 | 107 (17.4) | ref | 191 (30.9) | ref | 4 (3.8) | ref | |||
| 2 | 315 (37) | 2.40 (1.51–3.81) | <0.001 | 416 (49) | 2.11 (1.46–3.05) | <0.001 | 21 (6.6) | 1.67 (0.38–7.28) | 0.493 | |
| Non-daily NVP | 1 | 49 (8.8) | ref | 128 (23.1) | ref | 15 (30.9) | ref | |||
| 2 | 55 (10.5) | 0.91 (0.43–1.90) | 0.795 | 140 (26.7) | 1.35 (0.73–2.13) | 0.416 | 15 (27.3) | 0.70 (1.18–2.75) | 0.604 | |
| Daily smokers | 1 | 110 (2.7) | ref | 424 (10.3) | ref | 31 (28) | ref | |||
| 2 | 106 (2.1) | 0.69 (0.48–0.98) | 0.028 | 472 (9.3) | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | 0.209 | 36 (34.1) | 1.09 (0.47–2.52) | 0.846 | |
| Non-daily smokers | 1 | 55 (5.4) | ref | 106 (11.3) | ref | 13 (24.5) | ref | |||
| 2 | 36 (4.8) | 0.73 (0.41–1.30) | 0.287 | 83 (10.8) | 1.11 (0.75–1.63) | 0.609 | 9 (24.2) | 0.88 (0.24–3.30) | 0.855 | |
| Quitters | 1 | 63 (2.5) | ref | 253 (10.1) | ref | 32 (50.8) | ref | |||
| 2 | 31 (1.2) | 0.43 (0.17–1.06) | 0.066 | 268 (10.7) | 1.06 (0.74–1.53) | 0.747 | 11 (37.4) | 0.43 (0.09–1.96) | 0.267 | |
| Model 3: changes within exclusive smokers or vapers between wave 1 and wave 2 (n=17923) ¶ | (n=2290) ‡ | |||||||||
| Exclusive smoker | 1 | 165 (3.2) | ref | 530 (10.3) | ref | 44 (26.9) | ref | |||
| 2 | 142 (2.4) | 0.68 (0.50–0.93) | 0.015 | 556 (9.6) | 0.93 (0.78–1.10) | 0.367 | 45 (31.6) | 1.13 (0.53–2.39) | 0.754 | |
| Vapers | 1 | 455 (10.7) | ref | 1049 (24.8) | ref | 130 (28.7) | ref | |||
| 2 | 698 (16.5) | 1.26 (1.01–1.59) | 0.049 | 1289 (30) | 1.28 (1.10–1.50) | 0.002 | 129 (18.40%) | 0.58 (0.36–0.92) | 0.022 | |
| Changes between wave 1 and 2 by exclusive smokers or vapers interaction † | ||||||||||
| Change between waves | Change between waves | Change between aves | ||||||||
| Exclusive smokers | −0.80% | ref | −0.70% | ref | 4.70% | ref | ||||
| Vapers | 5.80% | 1.85 (1.33–2.58) | <0.001 | 5.20% | 1.38 (1.13–1.69) | 0.002 | −10.30% | 0.51 (0.24–1.11) | 0.089 | |
Bold represents p<.05
Models used weighted data. Country, age, gender, education, income, wave of recruitment, smoking and vaping status and having a friend who uses NVP were all included as covariates within modelling procedures. AOR represent the odds at wave 2 compared with wave 1.
The interaction explored the difference in difference between current smoking or vaping status over time, comparing the change in vapers to the change observed among exclusive smokers. Quitters were excluded from this analysis. Vapers included daily NVP users, non-daily NVP users and concurrent users. Exclusive smokers include daily smokers and non-daily smokers.
Sample only included those who reported noticing a health warning label.
The interaction explored the difference in difference between countries over time, comparing changes in key outcome measures over time within England relative to the changes seen in Canada, the US and Australia.
Quitters were excluded from this analysis. Vapers included daily NVP users, non-dailyNVP users and concurrent users. Exclusive smokers include daily smokers andnon-daily smokers.
AOR, adjusted OR; NVP, nicotine vaping product.