Fig. 3.

a Schematic illustration and digital photographs (right) of an S-MXene dipole antenna at different stretching states. b Measured and simulated reflection |S₁₁| and resonant frequencies of an S-MXene antenna under different uniaxial strains. c Performance of stretchable S-MXene antenna under 200- and 500-cycle fatigue tests with uniaxial strain of up to 100%. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [50]. Copyright 2019, WILEY–VCH. d Schematic of a MXene microstrip patch antenna on dielectric substrate with SMA connector. e Digital image of as-fabricated MXene patch antennas at three target frequencies (5.6, 10.9, and 16.4 GHz), showing the geometry and size. f Return loss of MXene patch antennas of different thicknesses (1.0, 3.2, and 5.5 µm) at different target frequencies; copper patch antennas with the same geometry and dimensions were used as references. g Measured and simulated radiation efficiency of MXene patch antennas of different thicknesses at different frequencies. h The maximum gain of 5.5-µm-thick MXene antenna and a 35-µm-thick copper antenna at different frequencies measured in free space and an anechoic chamber, respectively.

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [51]. Copyright 2020, WILEY–VCH