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. 2021 Apr 12;10(2):245–260. doi: 10.1007/s40123-021-00344-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Forest plot on the association between metformin use and age-related macular degeneration from five retrospective studies (data from adjusted effect estimates). The dot box and the horizontal line indicate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each study. The size of the dot box is proportional to the percentage weight of each study. The blue diamond indicates the pooled OR