Table 2.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between each sleep characteristic separately (nocturnal sleep duration, bedtime and midsleep) and refractive errors at age 5 (n = 1130).

	Eyeglass prescription				Hyperopia				Myopia
	OR (CI95%)*	p value	OR (CI95%)**	p value	OR (CI95%)*	p value	OR (CI95%)**	p value	OR (CI95%)*	p value	OR (CI95%)**	p value
Cross-sectional analysis
Nocturnal sleep at age 5
< 10h30	1.07 (0.70;1.62)	0.76	1.00 (0.65;1.53)	0.99	1.20 (0.74;1.93)	0.46	1.14 (0.69;1.87)	0.61	0.85 (0.28;2.60)	0.77	0.87 (0.28;2.72)	0.81
10h30-11h00	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
> 11h00	1.25 (0.88;1.75)	0.21	1.28 (0.90;1.82)	0.17	1.21 (0.80;1.81)	0.36	1.23 (0.81;1.86)	0.33	0.59 (0.18;1.96)	0.39	0.58 (0.18;1.88)	0.36
Bedtime at age 5 (hours)	1.00 (0.72;1.40)	1.00	0.85 (0.61;1.20)	0.36	1.13 (0.77;1.64)	0.53	0.98 (0.65;1.49)	0.94	0.73 (0.29;1.79)	0.49	0.74 (0.30;1.88)	0.53
Midsleep at age 5 (hours)	1.09 (0.71;1.66)	0.69	0.94 (0.61;1.44)	0.76	1.27 (0.78;2.08)	0.34	1.11 (0.67;1.85)	0.68	0.76 (0.31;1.89)	0.56	0.77 (0.30;1.98)	0.58
Longitudinal analysis
Nocturnal sleep at age 2
< 10h45	1.43 (1.00;2.05)	0.05	1.42 (0.99;2.04)	0.06	1.25 (0.84;1.86)	0.27	1.25 (0.83;1.86)	0.28	1.27 (0.47;3.41)	0.63	1.29 (0.47;3.53)	0.62
10h45-11h30	ref		ref		ref		ref		ref		ref
> 11h30	1.49 (1.01;2.22)	0.05	1.46 (0.97;2.19)	0.07	1.21 (0.77;1.91)	0.42	1.17 (0.73;1.86)	0.52	0.84 (0.24;2.94)	0.78	0.75 (0.20;2.85)	0.67
Bedtime at age 2 (hours)	1.33 (1.00;1.77)	0.05	1.20 (0.90;1.61)	0.22	1.37 (0.99;1.90)	0.06	1.26 (0.91;1.76)	0.17	1.00 (0.46;2.16)	1.00	1.07 (0.47;2.40)	0.87
Midsleep at age 2 (hours)	1.44 (1.10;1.89)	0.01	1.31 (0.99;1.74)	0.06	1.36 (0.98;1.88)	0.07	1.25 (0.90;1.72)	0.18	1.10 (0.57;2.12)	0.78	1.08 (0.52;2.25)	0.84

*Adjusted for maternity hospital recruitment and exact age at 5 years data collection.

**Additional adjustment for sex, gestational age, mother's length of schooling, household income, child's diurnal sleep at age 2, and season, daily time spent outdoors, and daily screen time at 5 years questionnaire completion.