Table III.
One-to-one propensity score–matched baseline characteristics and adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) for association of severe coronavirus disease 2019 with CRS among patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019
| Characteristic | Without CRS | With CRS | SMD∗ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n (%) | 286 | 286 | |
| Age, y (SD) | 54.7 (16.5) | 55.7 (16.4) | 0.061 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.058 | ||
| Male | 92 (32.2) | 100 (35.0) | |
| Female | 194 (67.8) | 186 (65.0) | |
| Region of residence, n (%) | 0.014 | ||
| Rural | 122 (42.7) | 124 (43.4) | |
| Urban | 164 (57.3) | 162 (56.6) | |
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 63 (22.0) | 63 (22.0) | <0.001 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 26 (9.1) | 23 (8.0) | 0.039 |
| History of cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 25 (8.7) | 23 (8.0) | 0.025 |
| History of COPD, n (%) | 14 (4.9) | 21 (7.3) | 0.100 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 89 (31.1) | 89 (31.1) | <0.001 |
| History of chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 13 (4.5) | 17 (5.9) | 0.063 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | 0.038 | ||
| 0 | 138 (48.3) | 133 (46.5) | |
| 1 | 44 (15.4) | 47 (16.4) | |
| ≥2 | 104 (36.4) | 106 (37.1) | |
| Current use of medication, n (%) | |||
| Aspirin | 22 (7.7) | 18 (6.3) | 0.049 |
| Metformin | 25 (8.7) | 29 (10.1) | 0.048 |
| Statin | 64 (22.4) | 66 (23.1) | 0.017 |
| Severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019†, n (%) | 38 (13.3) | 60 (21.0) | |
| Minimally adjusted OR‡ (95% CI) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.72 (1.10-2.71) | |
| Fully adjusted OR§ (95% CI) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.71 (1.09-2.71) |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRS, chronic rhinosinusitis; OR, odds ratio; SMD, standardized mean difference.
Bolded data indicate significant differences in the regression model (P < .05).
An SMD less than 0.1 indicates no major imbalance. All SMD values were less than 0.1 in the propensity score–matched cohort, except a history of COPD.
Severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 were the need for oxygen therapy, admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death.
Minimally adjusted for age and sex.
Fully adjusted for age; sex; region of residence; history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or nasal polyp; Charlson comorbidity index; and previous use of medication (systemic or intranasal corticosteroids, aspirin, metformin, or statin).