Table 2.

Forms and doses of vitamin D analogs vary significantly across studies.

Author	Form	Dose	Model	Outcome
Bhat and Ismail, 2015	1,25(OH)D	1 or 10 nM	C2C12 myotubes	Reduced oxidative stress and proteolysis
Chang, 2019	1,25(OH)D	1, 10, or 100 nM	C2C12 myotubes	Reduced oxidative stress
Montenegro et al., 2019	1,25(OH)D	100 nM	Human skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts	Inhibited proliferation, increased differentiation and oxygen consumption
Owens et al., 2015	1,25(OH)D	10 or 100 nM	Human skeletal muscle-derived myoblasts	Improved muscle cell migration dynamics
Ryan et al., 2016	1,25(OH)D	0.01, 0.1, or 1 nM	Primary human skeletal muscle cells	Only 1,25(OH)D increased oxygen consumption
	25(OH)D	1 nM
	Vitamin D3	1 nM
Srikuea et al., 2012	1,25(OH)D	20 nM	C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes	1,25(OH)D and 25(OH)D inhibited myoblast proliferation
	25(OH)D	2,000 nM
Chogtu et al., 2020	25(OH)D	0.1 μg/kg/day oral	Wistar rats 6–8 weeks old (unknown sex)	Attenuated statin-induced increases in plasma creatine kinase
Keskin et al., 2018	Vitamin D3	8.3 mg/kg subcutaneous injection	Male Wistar rats, 8–12 weeks old	Increased nitric oxide levels in muscle following ischemia/reperfusion injury
Ren et al., 2020	Vitamin D3	1,000 IU/kg/day oral	Male C57 BL/6 mice, 10–12 weeks	Reduced statin-induced myopathy and improved mitochondrial cristae shape
Srikuea and Hirunsai, 2016	1,25(OH)D	1 μg/kg TA muscle wet weight or 1 μg/kg mouse body weight intramuscular injection	Male C57BL/6 mice, 10 weeks	High dose decreased satellite cell differentiation, delayed regenerative muscle fiber formation, and increased muscular fibrosis
Stratos et al., 2013	Vitamin D3	8.3 mg/kg body weight subcutaneous injection	Male Wistar rats, unknown age	Increased muscle cell proliferation after crash injury and did not alter VDR expression