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. 2021 Apr 14;15:641273. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.641273

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Copyright © 2021 Xu, Ye, Hämäläinen, Ruohonen, Li and Astikainen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustration of the stimulus presentation for conditions A and B. Under condition A, stimulation to the little finger (blue ball symbol) served as the FRE, stimulation to the forefinger (green ball symbol) as the PR, and simultaneous pulses to the forefinger and the little finger as the UR. Under condition B, the opposite assignment between the FRE and the PR was applied. In the analysis, conditions A and B were averaged; therefore, the physical features of the FRE and the PR are controlled. FRE, frequent stimulus; UR, unpredictable rare stimulus; PR, predictable rare stimulus.