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. 2021 Apr 14;9:640155. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.640155

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One reduction step, scetching the main steps in a commonly accepted scheme for proton pumping in CcO (Wikström et al., 2018). 1. Electron transfer from soluble cytochrome c to the low-spin heme a. The EA of the BNC is too low for the electron to move further into the BNC. 2. The electron in heme a triggers proton uptake from the N-side to PLS, which increases the EA of the BNC, such that the electron can move from heme a into the BNC. 3. The electron in the BNC triggers the uptake of the chemical proton from the N-side to the BNC, and the proton in the BNC repels the proton in the PLS, which is ejected to the P-side. - The F to O _H reduction is used as an example.