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. 2021 Apr 14;12:665842. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.665842

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Copyright © 2021 Chen, Jiang, Tong, Chen, Zeng, Jang, Gao, Li, Mak, Deng and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biosynthesis, metabolism and transport of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant cells. The expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in JA synthesis and metabolic pathways are upregulated or downregulated by heavy metals and metalloids [copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb)] in rice and Arabidopsis. FADs, fatty acid desaturases; PLAs, phospholipases A; DAD1, defective in Anther Dehiscence 1; PLDs, phospholipases D; DGLs, DONGLE, a homolog of DAD1; LOXs, lipoxygenases; AOSs, allene oxide synthases; AOCs, allene oxide cyclases; OPRs, OPDA reductases; OPCL1, OPC-8:0 CoA ligase 1; ACXs, acyl-CoA oxidase; MFPs, multifunctional proteins; AIM1, abnormal inflorescence meristem1; KATs, ketoacyl-CoA-thiolases; JMT, jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase; JOXs, jasmonate-induced oxygenases; IAR3, IAA-Ala-resistant 3; ILL6, IAA-Leu resistant-like 6; JAR1, JA-amino acid synthetase; α-LeA, α-linolenic acid; 13-HPOT, 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid; 12, 13-EOT, 12, 13-(S)-epoxy-octadecanoic acid; OPDA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid; OPC-8:0, 3-oxo-2(29-[Z]pentenyl) cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid; OPC-8:0-CoA, 3-oxo-2-(cis-29-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl CoA; JASSY, A chloroplast outer membrane protein; PXA1, peroxisomal ABC-transporter 1; and JAT, jasmonic acid transporter.