Table 2.

Characteristics of included RCTs.

Study	Chatzikyrkou et al., 2016 [32]	Gunter et al., 2018 [31]	Yaghobee et al., 2018 [28]	Hamed et al., 2019 [29]
Country	Germany	Germany	Iran	Israel
Study design	RCT (double-blind, placebo controlled)	RCT (double-blind, placebo controlled)	RCT (triple-blind, placebo controlled)	RCT (single blind, standard treatment controlled)
Total number of patients (%)	23 (100%)	84 (100%)	12 (100%)	10 (100%)
Males	22 (95.6%)	66 (78.6%)	3 (25%)	6 (60%)
Females	1 (4.4%)	18 (21.4%)	9 (75%)	4 (40%)
Mean age (SD)	61.91 ± 9.27	47.55 ± 15.6	44.58 ± 7.5	67.8 ± 8.6
Wound aetiology	Diabetic ulcers	Burn and scalding injuries	Post-traumatic wounds (post free gingival grafting)	Diabetic ulcers
Type of treatment	subcutaneously	Subcutaneously	topical	topical
Treatment period	12 weeks	3 weeks	2 times (after surgery and 2 days after surgery)	12 weeks
Number of patients by arms (%)
Intervention arm	16 (69.6%)	45 (53.6%)	Not applicable (split mouth design)	5 (50%)
Control arm	7 (30.4%)	39 (46.4%)	Not applicable (split mouth design)	5 (50%)
Number of withdrawals (%)
Intervention arm	1 (6.2%)	36 (80%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Control arm	0	28 (71,8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Number of wounds
Intervention arm	15	40	12	5
Control arm	17	37	12	5
Mean wound size (cm2)
Intervention arm	3.78 ± 5.07	Not reported	1.5	5.0 ± 4.9
Control arm	4.82 ± 5.47	Not reported	1.5	7.5 ± 5.5
Number of wounds with complete healing (%)
Intervention arm	4 (26.7%)	9 (23%) on day 16	12 (100%) on day 28	2 (40%) on week 12
Control arm	1 (14.3%)	11 (30%) on day 16	11 (91.7%) on day 28	0 (0%) on week 12
Mean duration for complete healing (days)
Intervention arm	44 days	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
Control arm	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
Follow-up period	12 weeks	12 months	Not reported	12 weeks