Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics and Univariate Comparisons
| Total sample demographics | Bivariate comparisons with chronic pain | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Category | n | % | With, % | Without, % | χ2 | p |
| Age | <65 | 64 | 52.0 | 29.7 | 70.3 | 8.80 | 0.003 |
| >65 | 59 | 48.0 | 8.5 | 91.5 | |||
| Education | HS or less | 58 | 47.2 | 31.0 | 69.0 | 0.99 | 0.320 |
| College or more | 65 | 52.8 | 23.1 | 76.9 | |||
| Race | African American, Hispanic, Multiracial | 35 | 28.5 | 40.0 | 60.0 | 4.32 | 0.04 |
| Caucasian (non-Hispanic) | 88 | 71.5 | 21.6 | 78.4 | |||
| Comorbidity | Low | 72 | 58.5 | 29.2 | 70.8 | 0.48 | 0.49 |
| High | 51 | 41.5 | 23.5 | 76.5 | |||
| Cancer stage | Early (I–II) | 69 | 56.1 | 29.0 | 71.0 | 0.37 | 0.54 |
| Advanced (III–IV) | 54 | 43.9 | 24.1 | 75.9 | |||
| Treatment | Surgery | 97 | 78.9 | 28.9 | 71.1 | 0.97 | 0.33 |
| Chemotherapy | 69 | 56.1 | 26.1 | 73.9 | 0.04 | 0.83 | |
| Radiation therapy | 47 | 38.2 | 27.7 | 72.3 | 0.03 | 0.87 | |
| Combat PTSD | Any Current Sx | 25 | 20.3 | 52.0 | 48.0 | 10.13 | 0.001 |
| Cancer PTSD | Elevated Sx 6 months | 64 | 52.0 | 42.2 | 57.8 | 16.03 | <0.001 |
| Combined PTSD | None | 56 | 45.5 | 8.9 | 91.1 | 19.50 | <0.001 |
| Either | 45 | 36.6 | 35.6 | 64.4 | |||
| Both | 22 | 17.9 | 54.5 | 45.6 | |||
PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.