Table 1.
Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression of risk factors associated with stunting on under-five children in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, EDHS 2016
(Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals)
| Variables | Stunting | COR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||
| Age of child in months | ||||
| 0–24 | 169 (43⋅7 %) | 218 (56⋅3 %) | 1 | 1 |
| 25–47 | 149 (45⋅8 %) | 176 (54⋅2 %) | 1⋅09 (0⋅81, 1⋅47) | 1⋅57 (1⋅05, 2⋅35)* |
| 48–59 | 102 (51⋅5 %) | 96 (48⋅5 %) | 1⋅37 (0⋅97, 1⋅93) | 1⋅06 (0⋅80, 1⋅49) |
| Sex of child | ||||
| Male | 218 (43⋅6 %) | 282 (56⋅4 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 232 (48⋅9 %) | 242 (51⋅1 %) | 1⋅24 (0⋅96, 1⋅60) | 1⋅27 (0⋅97, 1⋅67) |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 39 (43⋅8 %) | 50 (56⋅2 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 411 (46⋅4 %) | 474 (53⋅6 %) | 1⋅11 (0⋅72, 1⋅72) | 0⋅53 (0⋅26, 1⋅06) |
| Religion | ||||
| Orthodox | 380 (46⋅3 %) | 441 (53⋅7 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Muslin | 70 (46⋅1 %) | 82 (53⋅9 %) | 0⋅99 (0⋅70, 1⋅40) | 1⋅07 (0⋅69, 1⋅66) |
| Type of birth | ||||
| Single birth | 438 (46⋅3 %) | 508 (53⋅7 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Multiple birth | 12 (42⋅9 %) | 16 (57⋅1 %) | 0⋅87 (0⋅41, 1⋅86) | 1⋅18 (0⋅41, 3⋅39) |
| Mothers’ BMI | ||||
| Overweight | 15 (41⋅7 %) | 21 (58⋅3 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Normal weight | 351 (47⋅6 %) | 387 (52⋅4 %) | 1⋅01 (0⋅49, 2⋅06) | 0⋅95 (0⋅37, 2⋅43) |
| Underweight | 81 (41⋅8 %) | 113 (58⋅2 %) | 1⋅40 (0⋅30, 6⋅51) | 0⋅78 (0⋅10, 6⋅21) |
| Birth weight | ||||
| >4 kg | 99 (43⋅6 %) | 128 (56⋅4 %) | 1 | 1 |
| 2⋅5–4 kg | 176 (42⋅1 %) | 242 (57⋅9 %) | 0⋅94 (0⋅68, 1⋅30) | 0⋅99 (0⋅70, 1⋅42) |
| <2⋅5 kg | 175 (53⋅2 %) | 154 (46⋅8 %) | 1⋅47 (1⋅05, 2⋅07) | 1⋅60 (1⋅11, 2⋅31)** |
| Mother educational level | ||||
| Illiterate | 343 (46⋅9 %) | 388 (53⋅1 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 87 (47⋅3 %) | 97 (52⋅7 %) | 1⋅02 (0⋅72, 1⋅40) | 1⋅07 (0⋅76, 1⋅50) |
| Secondary | 7 (18⋅4 %) | 31 (81⋅6 %) | 0⋅26 (0⋅11, 0⋅59) | 0⋅30 (0⋅13, 0⋅70)* |
| Diploma and above | 7 (18⋅4 %) | 31 (81⋅6 %) | 1⋅84 (0⋅75, 4⋅49) | 2⋅37 (0⋅87, 6⋅52) |
| Type of toilet facility | ||||
| Improved | 236 (48⋅0 %) | 256 (52⋅0 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Unimproved | 215 (44⋅6 %) | 267 (55⋅4 %) | 1⋅15 (0⋅89, 1⋅47) | 1⋅30 (0⋅96, 1⋅77) |
| Sex of household head | ||||
| Female | 36 (40⋅4 %) | 53 (59⋅6 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 414 (46⋅8 %) | 471 (53⋅2 %) | 1⋅29 (0⋅83, 2⋅02) | 0⋅51 (0⋅28, 0⋅91)* |
| Household wealth index combined | ||||
| Poor | 210 (46⋅7 %) | 240 (53⋅3 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Medium | 109 (47⋅4 %) | 121 (52⋅6 %) | 1⋅03 (0⋅75, 1⋅42) | 1⋅04 (0⋅71, 1⋅52) |
| Rich | 131 (44⋅6 %) | 163 (55⋅4 %) | 0⋅92 (0⋅68, 1⋅23) | 0⋅77 (0⋅52, 1⋅14) |
| Number of living children | ||||
| 1–2 | 160 (45⋅8 %) | 189 (54⋅2 %) | 1 | 1 |
| 3–4 | 80 (46⋅8 %) | 91 (53⋅2 %) | 0⋅99 (0⋅75, 1⋅31) | 1⋅08 (0⋅77, 1⋅52) |
| >4 | 207 (46⋅1 %) | 242 (53⋅9 %) | 1⋅03 (0⋅72, 1⋅46) | 1⋅26 (0⋅82, 1⋅94) |
| Sources of drinking water | ||||
| Improved | 178 (50⋅9 %) | 172 (49⋅1 %) | 1 | 1 |
| Unimproved | 273 (43⋅8 %) | 351 (56⋅2 %) | 0⋅75 (0⋅58, 0⋅98) | 1⋅47 (1⋅11, 1⋅95)** |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; 1, reference.
*
P-value <0⋅05 is considered significant.
**
P-value <0⋅01 is considered significant.