Individuals with MS have lower levels of bacterial species that produce indolelactate
(A) Tryptophan degradation pathway.56 Gray, similar levels in individuals with MS and controls; green, significantly higher levels in controls; white, not measured. Indolelactate and indolepropionate serum levels were higher in controls compared with individuals with MS. Bacterial species that produce indolelactate are lower in abundance in individuals with MS.
(B) Boxplots (center, median; box, IQR; whiskers, 1.5 × IQR) showing indolepropionate serum levels for 90 individuals with MS and 90 controls.
(C) Boxplots (center, median; box, IQR; whiskers, 1.5 × IQR) showing bacterial relative abundance for 129 individuals with MS patients and 58 controls for bacterial species that produce indolelactate.56 The sum of the relative abundance of all the species is shown on the left. Other species are sorted from left to right by their significance level, which is shown at the top of the boxplot (Mann-Whitney U test, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001). ILA, indolelactate.