Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics in the matched cohort by exposure status (N = 174,895).
| Overall (n = 174,895) |
5ARI Users (n = 25,388) |
Alpha–Blocker Users (n = 149,507) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure and Follow-up | ||||
| Cumulative exposure time, years (mean (sd), median)1 | 1.5 (1.5),1.1 | 2.2 (2.1),1.5 | 1.4 (1.4), 1.1 | <0.0001 |
| Duration of follow-up time from matching time point, for loss of follow-up Pca deaths follow-up ends at disenrollment, years (mean [sd], median)1 | 3.1 (2.7), 2.4 | 4.0 (3.1),3.3 | 3.0 (2.6),2.3 | <0.0001 |
| At-matching characteristics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| mean (sd), median | 72.4 (9.2), 72.6 | 72.4 (9.3), 72.6 | 72.3 (9.2), 72.5 | 0.16 |
| <60 | 17884 (10.2) | 2546 (10.0) | 15338 (10.3) | 0.31 |
| 60–69 | 52980 (30.3) | 7639 (30.1) | 45341 (30.3) | |
| 70+ | 104031 (59.5) | 15203 (60.0) | 88828 (59.4) | |
| Race (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 134220 (76.7) | 19889 (78.3) | 114331 (76.5) | <0.0001 |
| African American | 12711 (7.3) | 1885 (7.4) | 10826 (7.2) | |
| Asian | 14636 (8.4) | 2017 (7.9) | 12619 (8.4) | |
| HP, IN, MU, and UN | 13328 (7.6) | 1597 (6.3) | 11731(7.9) | |
| PSA | ||||
| Missing (%) | 65262 (37.3) | 6359 (25.1) | 58903 (39.4) | |
| mean (sd), median | 4.9 (42.6), 2.3 | 6.6 (30.2), 4.1 | 4.5 (44.8), 2.1 | <0.0001 |
| 0–2.5 | 56985 (32.6) | 6400 (25.2) | 50585 (33.8) | <0.0001 |
| 2.5–4 | 17497 (10.0) | 2964 (11.7) | 14533 (9.7) | |
| ≥4 | 35151 (20.1) | 9665 (38.1) | 25486 (17.1) | |
| SES | ||||
| Missing (%) | 3320 (1.9) | 377 (1.5) | 2943 (2.0) | |
| Median household income ($1000) (mean (sd), median) Education | 66.4 (28.3), 62.0 | 68.3 (29.7), 63.5 | 66.1 (28.0), 61.8 | <0.0001 |
| Less than 9th grade | 0.07 (0.09), 0.04 | 0.07 (0.09), 0.04 | 0.07 (0.09), 0.04 | <0.0001 |
| 9th-12th grade | 0.10 (0.07), 0.08 | 0.09 (0.07), 0.08 | 0.10 (0.0.7), 0.08 | <0.0001 |
| High school graduate | 0.21 (0.08), 0.21 | 0.20 (0.08), 0.20 | 0.21 (0.08), 0.21 | <0.0001 |
| Some college, no degree | 0.24 (0.07), 0.25 | 0.24 (0.07), 0.24 | 0.24 (0.07), 0.25 | <0.0001 |
| Associate degree | 0.08 (0.03), 0.08 | 0.08 (0.03), 0.07 | 0.08 (0.03), 0.08 | 0.007 |
| Bachelor degree | 0.19 (0.11), 0.19 | 0.20 (0.11), 0.20 | 0.19 (0.11), 0.18 | <0.0001 |
| Graduate or professional degree | 0.11 (0.09), 0.08 | 0.12 (0.10), 0.09 | 0.11 (0.09), 0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Alpha blocker history (years) (mean (sd), median) | 4.3 (4.1),3.4 | 4.2 (4.0),3.2 | 4.4 (4.1),3.4 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (%) | ||||
| Missing (%) | 98215(56.2%) | 14244(56.1%) | 83971(56.2%) | <0.0001 |
| <25 kg/m2 | 29642(17.0%) | 4352(17.1%) | 25290(16.9%) | |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 26590(15.2%) | 4076(16.1%) | 22514(15.1%) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 20448(11.7%) | 2716(10.7%) | 17732(11.9%) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| 0 | 75809(43.4%) | 11633(45.8%) | 64176(42.9%) | |
| 1 | 34670(19.8%) | 5017(19.8%) | 29653(19.8%) | |
| 2+ | 64416(36.8%) | 8738(34.4%) | 55678(37.2%) | |
| History of cardiovascular disease (Yes) | 59459(34.0%) | 8992(35.4%) | 50467(33.8%) | <0.0001 |
| History of high blood pressure (Yes) | 157553(90.1%) | 21289(83.9%) | 136264(91.1%) | <0.0001 |
| History of hyperlipidemia (Yes) | 117974(67.5%) | 16753(66.0%) | 101221(67.7%) | <0.0001 |
| History of diabetes (Yes) | 45273(25.9%) | 5554(21.9%) | 39719(26.6%) | <0.0001 |
| History of cancer (Yes) | 15877 (9.1%) | 2473(9.7%) | 13404(9.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Use of other medications to treat ED or OAB (Yes) | 23184(13.3%) | 3679(14.5%) | 19505(13.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Exposure and follow-up | ||||
| Cumulative exposure time, years (mean (sd), median)1 | 1.5 (1.5),1.1 | 2.2 (2.1),1.5 | 1.4 (1.4), 1.1 | <0.0001 |
| Cumulative dose (gram)* | 2.6 (3.9), 1.2 | 4.1 (4.0), 2.9 | 2.3 (3.8), 1.0 | <0.0001 |
| Duration of follow-up time, years (mean (sd), median)1 | 3.1 (2.7), 2.4 | 4.0 (3.1),3.3 | 3.0 (2.6),2.3 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ED, erectile dysfunction; OAB, overactive bladder,HP: Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, IN: Native American, MU: Mutiple Races, UN: Unknown Races; PSA: Prostate Specific Antigen.
1
Follow-up time was calculated from matching time point (5ARI initiation or index date in AB user) to loss to follow-up, death or end of study period, which ever occurred first. For men who died after they lost to follow-up, their follow-up time ends at loss to follow-up.