Table 1.

Demographic and clinical features of the MSA patients with and without camptocormia

Variables	Total	With camptocormia	Without camptocormia	P value
Number	716	90 (12.6%)	626 (87.4%)	–
Diagnosis (MSA-P/MSA-C)	352/364	60/30	292/334	< 0.001*
Sex (male/female)	405/311	46/44	359/267	0.264
Age	60.18 ± 8.99	63.73 ± 7.91	59.67 ± 9.03	< 0.001*
Age of onset	57.54 ± 8.94	60.53 ± 7.81	57.11 ± 9.02	0.001*
Disease duration	2.59 ± 1.69	3.18 ± 1.67	2.50 ± 1.67	< 0.001*
Educational year	9.46 ± 3.92	9.21 ± 4.16	9.49 ± 3.89	0.522
Onset symptoms
Autonomic symptom	247	28	219	0.005*
Cerebellar symptom	198	15	183
Parkinsonism symptom	271	47	224
UMSARS-I	14.30 ± 6.68	17.97 ± 7.43	13.77 ± 6.40	< 0.001*#
UMSARS-II	16.98 ± 6.95	21.89 ± 7.60	16.28 ± 6.56	< 0.001*#
UMSARS-IV	2.00 ± 0.96	2.68 ± 1.17	1.90 ± 0.88	< 0.001*#
Total UMSARS score	31.28 ± 12.80	39.86 ± 14.22	30.04 ± 12.11	< 0.001*#
OH (yes/no)	198/518	28/62	170/456	0.433
Total score of FAB	14.32 ± 2.96	13.52 ± 3.47	14.44 ± 2.87	0.006*
Total MOCA score	21.57 ± 5.06	20.71 ± 6.00	21.70 ± 4.91	0.084
HDRS score	11.47 ± 8.03	13.57 ± 9.09	11.16 ± 7.83	0.008*
HARS score	9.52 ± 7.02	10.11 ± 7.27	9.43 ± 6.98	0.392
LEDD (mg/day)	137.40 ± 243.00	209.58 ± 270.48	127.02 ± 237.22	0.001*

MSA multiple system atrophy, MSA-P multiple system atrophy with predominately parkinsonism, MSA-C multiple system atrophy with predominately cerebellar ataxia, UMSARS unified multiple system atrophy rating scale, OH orthostatic hypotension, FAB frontal lobe battery, MoCA Montreal cognitive assessment, HDRS Hamilton depression rating scale, HARS Hamilton anxiety rating scale, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose

*: significant difference after adjusting by false discovery rate

^#: after adjusting for age of onset and disease duration