Table 2.
Demographic and clinical features of the MSA patients with and without camptocormia according to different disease durations
| Variables | Disease duration ≤3 years | Disease duration 3–5 years | Disease duration ≥5 years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With camptocormia | Without camptocormia | P value | With camptocormia | Without camptocormia | P value | With camptocormia | Without camptocormia | P value | |
| Number | 42 (8.9%) | 428 (91.1%) | – | 34 (19.7%) | 139 (80.3%) | – | 14 (19.2%) | 59 (80.8%) | – |
| Diagnosis (MSA-P/MSA-C) | 26/16 | 185/243 | 0.020* | 23/11 | 76/63 | 0.171 | 11/3 | 31/28 | 0.077 |
| Sex (male/female) | 17/25 | 238/190 | 0.060 | 20/14 | 81/58 | 0.953 | 9/5 | 40/19 | 0.802 |
| Age | 63.23 ± 7.94 | 58.65 ± 8.50 | 0.001* | 63.79 ± 8.48 | 62.50 ± 9.65 | 0.539 | 65.11 ± 6.49 | 60.40 ± 9.87 | 0.073 |
| Age of onset | 61.38 ± 7.87 | 56.99 ± 8.51 | 0.001* | 60.02 ± 8.17 | 58.72 ± 9.65 | 0.595 | 59.19 ± 6.96 | 54.27 ± 10.31 | 0.062 |
| Disease duration | 1.83 ± 0.74 | 1.59 ± 0.73 | 0.040 | 3.68 ± 0.58 | 3.76 ± 0.62 | 0.614 | 6.02 ± 1.13 | 6.14 ± 1.36 | 0.861 |
| Educational year | 9.38 ± 4.13 | 9.49 ± 3.90 | 0.809 | 9.03 ± 4.28 | 9.36 ± 3.71 | 0.523 | 9.14 ± 4.24 | 9.86 ± 4.29 | 0.572 |
| Onset symptoms | |||||||||
| Autonomic symptom | 13 | 134 | 0.094 | 10 | 58 | 0.146 | 5 | 27 | 0.608 |
| Cerebellar symptom | 8 | 143 | 5 | 29 | 2 | 11 | |||
| Parkinsonism symptom | 21 | 151 | 19 | 52 | 7 | 21 | |||
| UMSARS-I | 16.64 ± 6.28 | 12.35 ± 5.97 | < 0.001*# | 17.94 ± 7.33 | 16.54 ± 5.88 | 0.340 | 22.00 ± 9.72 | 17.56 ± 6.93 | 0.157 |
| UMSARS-II | 20.79 ± 6.85 | 15.15 ± 6.33 | < 0.001*# | 21.53 ± 8.18 | 18.72 ± 5.94 | 0.142 | 26.07 ± 7.36 | 18.66 ± 7.49 | 0.003* |
| UMSARS-IV | 2.52 ± 1.04 | 1.72 ± 0.74 | < 0.001*# | 2.68 ± 1.17 | 2.22 ± 1.01 | 0.036 | 3.14 ± 1.46 | 2.46 ± 1.07 | 0.093 |
| Total UMSARS score | 37.43 ± 12.10 | 27.50 ± 11.41 | < 0.001 *# | 39.47 ± 14.93 | 35.26 ± 10.85 | 0.207 | 48.07 ± 16.31 | 36.22 ± 13.74 | 0.027 |
| OH (yes/no) | 10/32 | 107/321 | 0.865 | 13/21 | 43/96 | 0.415 | 5/9 | 20/39 | 1.000 |
| Total score of FAB | 12.81 ± 3.80 | 14.49 ± 2.93 | 0.007* | 14.18 ± 2.71 | 14.22 ± 2.65 | 0.962 | 14.07 ± 3.85 | 14.56 ± 2.91 | 0.843 |
| Total MOCA score | 20.05 ± 6.51 | 21.79 ± 4.95 | 0.197 | 21.88 ± 4.99 | 21.36 ± 4.74 | 0.568 | 19.86 ± 6.60 | 21.81 ± 5.03 | 0.500 |
| HDRS score | 13.14 ± 7.86 | 10.39 ± 7.68 | 0.025* | 13.24 ± 9.63 | 12.10 ± 7.57 | 0.748 | 15.64 ± 11.41 | 14.54 ± 8.43 | 0.972 |
| HARS score | 9.71 ± 6.63 | 8.69 ± 6.71 | 0.256 | 9.32 ± 7.65 | 10.75 ± 7.15 | 0.163 | 13.21 ± 7.91 | 11.73 ± 7.69 | 0.457 |
| LEDD (mg/day) | 135.12 ± 240.37 | 97.52 ± 204.27 | 0.347 | 256.61 ± 263.95 | 185.07 ± 262.41 | 0.070 | 318 ± 324.44 | 204.24 ± 338.86 | 0.118 |
MSA multiple system atrophy, MSA-P multiple system atrophy with predominately parkinsonism, MSA-C multiple system atrophy with predominately cerebellar ataxia, UMSARS unified multiple system atrophy rating scale, OH orthostatic hypotension, FAB frontal lobe battery, MoCA Montreal cognitive assessment, HDRS Hamilton depression rating scale, HARS Hamilton anxiety rating scale, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose
*: significant difference after adjusting by false discovery rate
#: after adjusting for age of onset and disease duration