Table 1.
Longitudinal associations between neurodevelopment and BMI z-scores at 6 and 12 months of agea
| Outcomes at 12 months | Predictors at 6 months | β (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant Z-scored BMI | Adaptive behavior | Model 1 | −0.06(− 0.20,0.08) |
| Model 2 | −0.04(− 0.18,0.10) | ||
| Model 3 | −0.03(− 0.19,0.13) | ||
| Gross motor | Model 1 | −0.54(− 0.67,-0.41)* | |
| Model 2 | −0.44(− 0.58,-0.30)* | ||
| Model 3 | −0.20(− 0.31,-0.09)* | ||
| Fine motor | Model 1 | −0.03(− 0.15,0.09) | |
| Model 2 | −0.03(− 0.16,0.11) | ||
| Model 3 | −0.01(− 0.05,0.04) | ||
| Language | Model 1 | −0.03(− 0.13,0.07) | |
| Model 2 | −0.03(− 0.12,0.07) | ||
| Model 3 | −0.02(− 0.10,0.06) | ||
| Social behavior | Model 1 | −0.35(− 0.48,-0.23)* | |
| Model 2 | −0.31(− 0.41,-0.21)* | ||
| Model 3 | −0.23(− 0.33,-0.13)* |
Model 1: adjusted for basic information; Model 2: model 1+ maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, delivery mode, gestational weeks, birth weight z score, mode of infant feeding, introduction of solid foods and micronutrients supplementation; Model 3: model 2+ Infant Z-scored BMI at 6 months in the neurodevelopment- BMI relationships, or neurodevelopment scores at 6 months in the BMI – neurodevelopment relationships
*Statistically significant
aN = 449. N varied from 1.7 to 2.8% in each regression because the complete data for each subscale of the Gesell Development Scale were varied