Table 2.
Longitudinal associations between BMI z-scores and neurodevelopment at 6 and 12 months of agea
| Outcomes at 12 months | Predictors at 6 months | β (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adaptive behavior | Infant Z-scored BMI | Model 1 | −0.01(− 0.03,0.01) |
| Model 2 | −0.01(− 0.02,0.01) | ||
| Model 3 | −0.01(− 0.02,0.01) | ||
| Gross motor | Model 1 | −0.29(− 0.36,-0.22)* | |
| Model 2 | −0.19(− 0.29,-0.09)* | ||
| Model 3 | −0.08(− 0.12,− 0.04)* | ||
| Fine motor | Model 1 | -0.04(−0.11,0.03) | |
| Model 2 | −0.02(− 0.06,0.03) | ||
| Model 3 | −0.02(− 0.04,0.01) | ||
| Language | Model 1 | −0.02(− 0.04,0.01) | |
| Model 2 | −0.02(− 0.04,0.01) | ||
| Model 3 | −0.02(− 0.03,0.01) | ||
| Social behavior | Model 1 | −0.09(− 0.12,− 0.08)* | |
| Model 2 | -0.08(−0.11,− 0.05)* | ||
| Model 3 | -0.05(−0.08,0.00) |
Model 1: adjusted for basic information; Model 2: model 1+ maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, delivery mode, gestational weeks, birth weight z score, mode of infant feeding, introduction of solid foods and micronutrients supplementation; Model 3: model 2+ Infant Z-scored BMI at 6 months in the neurodevelopment- BMI relationships, or neurodevelopment scores at 6 months in the BMI – neurodevelopment relationships
*Statistically significant
aN = 449. N varied from 1.7 to 2.8% in each regression because the complete data for each subscale of the Gesell Development Scale were varied