Table 2.

Three layers model used to compare 2 regimes of connection between pragmatic phenomenology and global knowledge production.

Coupling model	EBMa clinical trials regime through patient organizations and Claude Bernard	Full participatory action research non-EBM regimes
Types	1, 1+, 2, 2+	M
Level of global scientific research	Epistemology of the EBM [16]	Epistemologies of comprehensive research (such as action research [17] or grounded theories [18])
Level of rational work, local or in group	OHERICb-describable protocols [4]; work in a patient organization may allow relating experiential knowledge acquired through pragmatic phenomenology to EBM protocols	Comprehensive organization through participatory M category action research
Level of individual experiential knowledge	Dewey’s pragmatic phenomenology of each patient	Pragmatic phenomenology of each patient

^aEBM: evidence-based medicine.

^bOHERIC: initial Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment proper, Result, Interpretation, and Conclusion.