Table 11.

Comparison of women and men

	Men		Women
	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	d	OVL
Well-being	4.109	1.336	4.263	1.495	− 0.581	0.5639	− 0.113	95.494
Well-beingt2	4.388	1.258	4.151	1.407	0.933	0.3553	0.183	92.710
Productivity	1.008	0.416	0.917	0.430	1.180	0.2430	0.218	91.320
Productivityt2	1.029	0.433	1.043	0.452	− 0.175	0.8620	− 0.033	98.684
Boredom	2.942	1.130	2.908	1.179	0.163	0.8713	0.030	98.803
Boredomt2	2.923	1.122	2.943	1.309	− 0.082	0.9353	− 0.016	99.362
Behavioral-disengagement	1.799	0.935	1.829	0.953	− 0.176	0.8611	− 0.032	98.723
Behavioral-disengagementt2	1.997	0.957	2.324	1.259	− 1.479	0.1458	− 0.320	87.288
Self-blame	1.753	0.957	2.053	1.095	− 1.546	0.1283	− 0.304	87.919
Self-blamet2	1.830	0.955	2.081	1.211	− 1.173	0.2465	− 0.248	90.132
Relatedness	3.483	0.801	3.557	0.948	− 0.446	0.6577	− 0.089	96.451
Relatednesst2	3.560	0.748	3.554	1.004	0.034	0.9728	0.008	99.681
Competence	3.566	0.704	3.596	0.862	− 0.202	0.8407	− 0.041	98.364
Competencet2	3.605	0.692	3.491	0.874	0.740	0.4628	0.156	93.783
Autonomy	3.476	0.668	3.509	0.771	− 0.239	0.8119	− 0.047	98.125
Autonomyt2	3.526	0.698	3.45	0.863	0.494	0.6236	0.103	95.893
Communication	4.511	1.004	4.623	0.972	− 0.625	0.5343	− 0.112	95.534
Communicationt2	4.293	1.118	4.288	1.434	0.020	0.9839	0.004	99.840
Stress	2.468	0.744	2.638	1.025	− 0.966	0.3391	− 0.212	91.558
Stresst2	2.485	0.748	2.662	0.965	− 1.042	0.3025	− 0.223	91.122
Daily routines	4.758	1.469	4.368	1.877	1.191	0.2394	0.250	90.052
Daily routinest2	4.902	1.439	3.982	1.689	3.049	0.0037	0.617	75.770
Distractions	2.481	0.884	2.408	1.126	0.370	0.7127	0.078	96.889
Distractionst2	2.459	0.869	2.378	1.003	0.449	0.6550	0.090	96.411
Generalized anxiety	2.123	0.916	2.738	1.175	− 3.007	0.0042	− 0.632	75.200
Generalized anxietyt2	2.098	0.963	2.475	1.144	− 1.844	0.0712	− 0.376	85.088
Emotional loneliness	2.022	0.848	2.474	1.033	− 2.498	0.0158	− 0.510	79.872
Emotional lonelinesst2	1.975	0.837	2.135	0.998	− 0.899	0.3730	− 0.184	92.670
Social loneliness	2.667	0.969	2.535	1.146	0.653	0.5169	0.131	94.778
Social lonelinesst2	2.560	0.985	2.577	1.151	− 0.080	0.9365	− 0.016	99.362
Social contacts	4.032	1.068	4.421	1.149	− 1.893	0.0637	− 0.358	85.794
Social contactst2	4.281	1.055	4.432	1.165	− 0.719	0.4754	− 0.140	94.419
Extraversion	3.401	0.786	3.638	0.766	− 1.700	0.0944	− 0.303	87.958
Extraversiont2	3.405	0.775	3.662	0.769	− 1.817	0.0745	− 0.333	86.776
Quality of sleep	4.221	1.746	3.763	1.762	1.436	0.1564	0.262	89.578
Quality of sleept2	4.299	1.673	3.676	1.668	2.032	0.0469	0.373	85.205
Compliance	7.190	1.093	7.518	0.700	− 2.278	0.0251	− 0.319	87.328
Belief in conspiracies	2.379	1.244	2.316	1.205	0.289	0.7738	0.051	97.966
Self-distraction	3.182	1.040	3.750	0.86	− 3.491	0.0009	− 0.564	77.794
Active coping	3.188	0.922	3.447	0.884	− 1.604	0.1140	− 0.283	88.748
Denial	1.425	0.725	1.355	0.603	0.615	0.5407	0.100	96.012
Substance use	1.682	1.087	1.855	1.330	− 0.745	0.4599	− 0.152	93.942
Emotional support	2.643	1.032	3.039	1.042	− 2.105	0.0398	− 0.384	84.774
Instrumental support	2.162	0.967	2.250	0.957	− 0.505	0.6157	− 0.091	96.371
Venting	2.338	1.018	2.408	0.965	− 0.398	0.6924	− 0.070	97.208
Positive reframing	3.081	1.019	3.566	1.067	− 2.531	0.0143	− 0.471	81.382
Planning	2.984	1.044	3.289	1.125	− 1.521	0.1340	− 0.288	88.550
Humor	2.503	1.174	2.855	1.330	− 1.494	0.1411	− 0.292	88.392
Acceptance	3.935	0.768	4.276	0.742	− 2.522	0.0144	− 0.447	82.315
Religion	1.662	0.925	1.934	1.439	− 1.110	0.2731	− 0.260	89.657
Office setup	15.729	1.108	15.474	1.239	1.163	0.2501	0.225	91.043
Self-control	3.338	0.834	3.246	0.919	0.563	0.5760	0.108	95.694
Volunteering	3.346	1.147	3.904	1.257	− 2.489	0.0160	− 0.477	81.149
Diet	9.916	3.413	9.618	3.791	0.441	0.6609	0.085	96.610
Exercising overall	10.078	8.542	10.776	17.730	− 0.236	0.8144	− 0.064	97.447
Financial situation	7.260	1.648	7.079	2.110	0.492	0.6247	0.103	95.893
COVID-19 anxiety	3.244	1.036	3.395	1.158	− 0.736	0.4650	− 0.143	94.300
Mental exercise	4.497	1.377	4.750	1.478	− 0.958	0.3422	− 0.181	92.789
Extrinsic-social	3.591	1.311	3.763	1.518	− 0.643	0.5233	− 0.127	94.937
Extrinsic-materialistic	4.264	1.324	4.623	1.387	− 1.441	0.1553	− 0.268	89.340
Intrinsic motivation	4.468	1.421	5.018	1.427	− 2.130	0.0375	− 0.387	84.657
People living in the same household	2.221	2.789	1.579	1.703	1.802	0.0748	0.246	90.211
Technological skills	27.240	0.776	27.211	1.069	0.161	0.8726	0.035	98.604
Previous remote work experience	40.890	36.340	39.947	37.649	0.139	0.8899	0.026	98.963
Children at home	0.714	1.008	0.421	0.826	1.871	0.0657	0.301	88.037

Note. d: Cohen’s d (standardized mean difference), OVL: Overlapping coefficient (Inman and Bradley Jr 1989), which estimates the amount of similarities between women and men (OVL of 100 indicates the groups are identical, a OVL of 50 suggests that 50% of the responses given by women are mirrored by men)