Table 1.
Stem cells and their phenotypic markers and transcription factors
|
Embryonic stem cells (expression of SM/TF)
| ||
| Human | Positive SM | SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), CD9, Thy1, HLA-I CD133, and CD326[92-94] |
| Negative SM | SSEA-1[92-94] | |
| TF | Oct 3/4, Sox2, Nanog, activin/nodal, FGF, Esrrb, and Tfcp2l1, Klf4, Klf2, Tbx3, and Gbx2[92,94,95] | |
| Mouse | Positive SM | SSEA-1 and alkaline phosphatase[92,94] |
| Negative SM | SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81[92,94] | |
| TF | Oct-3/4, Sox2, Nanog, LIF, BMP, genesis, germ cell nuclear factor, GDF-3, FGF-4, UTF1, Fbx15, and Sall4[92,94,96] | |
| Hematopoietic stem cells (expression of SM/TF) | ||
| Human | Positive SM | CD34, CD90, CD49R, and CD133[7,97,98] |
| Negative SM | Lin, CD38, and CD45RA[7,97,98] | |
| TF | AHR, BMI1, GFI1, HES1, HLF, Runx-1, Scl/tal-1, Lmo-2, MII, Tel, and GATA-2[97,99] | |
| Mouse | Positive SM | Sca-1, c-kit, CD49b, CD150, (endoglin), and Slamf1[7,97,100] |
| Negative SM | Lin, FLT3, CD34, CD41, Flk2, and CD48[7,97,100] | |
| TF | Runx-1, Scl/tal-1, Lmo-2, MII, Tel, Bmi-1, Gfi-1, and GATA-2[99,101] | |
| Multipotent stem cells (expression of SM/TF) | ||
| Human | Positive SM | CD146, CD44, CD13, CD73, CD90, CD105, and MHC class I[18,102] |
| Negative SM | CD34, CD45, c-kit, KDR, CD56, CD271, CD140a, CD140b, and ALP[18,102] | |
| TF | Oct-4 Rex-1, Nanog, and BmI-1[102,103] | |
| Mouse | Positive SM | c-Kit, CD9, CD13, CD31, SSEA-1, and Sca-1[17,104] |
| Negative SM | CD3, CD19, CD34, CD44, CD45, c-Kit Thy1, Flk-1MHC-I, MHC class II, Gr-1, and Mac-1[17,104] | |
| TF | Oct-4, Rex-1, and Nanog[16,102] | |
| Mesenchymal stem cells (expression of SM/TF) | ||
| Human | Positive SM | CD10, CD13, CD29, CD44, CD49e (a5-integrin), CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1), CD58, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD140a, CD140b, CD146, CD166 (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), CD271, Sca-1, ALP MHC class I, vimentin, cytokeratin (CK) 8, CK-18, and nestin[18,27-29] |
| Negative SM | CD4, CD8, CD11a, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD25, CD31, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD49b, CD49d, CD49f, CD50, CD56, CD62E, CD62L, CD62P, CD79a, CD80, CD86, CD106 (vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM]-1), CD117, CD271, c-kit, KDR, HLA-DR, cadherin V, and glycophorin A[18,27-29] | |
| TF | Oct-4, Rex-1, and Sox-2[105] | |
| Mouse | Positive SM | CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and Sca-1, Thy1.2, and CD135[10,23,24,26,28] |
| Negative SM | CD11b, CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, and CD86, CD135, c-Kit, and VCAM-1[10,23,24,26,28] | |
| TF | HOX, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), Nanog, Oct-4, Rex-1, and GATA-4[25] | |
SM: Surface marker; TF: Transcription factor.