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. 2021 Apr 28;11:9152. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88152-4

Table 3.

Differences between clinical and control mothers’ samples’ scores in standardized questionnaires and in some selected variables of the ad hoc survey, calculated using student’s T-test. Standard deviations are reported. Bold for p-values<.05.

Clinical sample (N = 45) Control sample (N = 41) t p Effect size
Mean SD Mean SD
Standardized variables
GHQ-12
 Total score 18.00 4.59 17.76 2.76 .301 .764 .03
MAC-RF
 Total score 14.04 5.54 9.98 5.99 3.271 .002 .33
 Fears related to the body 3.56 2.30 2.37 2.05 2.517 .014 .26
 Fears related to meaningful relationships 4.60 1.98 3.22 2.35 2.953 .004 .30
 Difficulties in cognitive monitoring of concerns 2.71 1.56 2.07 1.57 1.887 .063 .14
 Behavioral difficulties related to fear 3.18 1.93 2.32 1.95 2.051 .043 .21
Variables of the survey
 Concerns for contagion 1.93 .44 1.66 .53 2.587 .012 .26
 Psychological well-being 2.62 .57 2.37 .66 1.921 .058 .19
 Physical well-being 2.38 .49 2.24 .48 1.266 .209 .14
 Worries for asthmatic child’s contagion 2.16 .52 1.68 .52 4.203 .000 .41
 Child’s psychological well-being (reported by mothers) 2.51 .54 2.41 .49 .850 .398 .09
 Child’s physical well-being (reported by mothers) 2.22 .59 2.32 .47 − .811 .420 − .09
 Communication 4.18 .68 4.17 .83 .043 .966 .01
 Time spent with the child before home-confinement 7.24 4.97 6.34 3.73 .945 .347 .10
 Time currently spent with the child 10.16 5.78 10.51 5.61 − .290 .773 − .03
 Concerns about the resumptions of child’s activities 3.31 .87 2.54 .97 3.879 .000 .38

*Note: effect size’s r values: .00–.20 low, .30–.50 medium, .60–2.00 large.