Domain 1: Research Team and Reflexivity |
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Personal characteristics |
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Interviewer/facilitator |
Which author/s conducted the interview or focus group? |
S.L.E. and L.M.S. distributed questionnaires |
Credentials |
What were the researcher’s credentials? eg, PhD, MD |
L.M.S. — MD and S.L.E. — MPH (Title page) |
Occupation |
What was their occupation at the time of the study? |
Resident and social sciences research professional |
Sex |
Was the researcher male or female? |
Female |
Experience and training |
What experience or training did the researcher have? |
Both facilitators have prior quantitative and qualitative research experience, S.L.E. has an MPH |
Relationship with participants |
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Relationship established |
Was a relationship established prior to study commencement? |
No prior relationship was established |
Participant knowledge of the interviewer |
What did the participants know about the researcher? eg, personal goals, reasons for doing the research |
The purpose of the research and research process were discussed during the consent process |
Interviewer characteristics |
What characteristics were reported about the interviewer/facilitator? eg, bias, assumptions, reasons and interests in the research topic? |
No specific characteristics, biases, assumptions were reported |
Domain 2: Study Design |
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Theoretical framework |
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Methodological orientation and theory |
What methodological question was stated to underpin the study? eg, grounded theory, discourse analysis, ethnography, phenomenology, content analysis |
Content analysis (page 7) |
Participant selection |
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Sampling |
How were participants selected? eg, purposive, convenience, consecutive, snowball |
Convenience sample of those meeting inclusion criteria |
Method of approach |
How were participants approached? eg, face-to-face, telephone, mail, e-mail |
Participants were approached in person (page 5) |
Sample size |
How many participants were in the study? |
38 patients were initially included (page 8) |
Nonparticipation |
How many people refused to participate or dropped out? Reasons? |
25 patients completed postoperative surveys. 13 patients did not come to their postoperative appointment (page 8) |
Setting |
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Setting of data collection |
Where were the data collected? eg, home, clinic, workplace |
Baseline data were collected in the preoperative holding area. Follow-up data were collected in the clinic |
Presence of nonparticipants |
Was anyone else present besides the participants and researchers? |
Occasionally patients’ family members were present in the preoperative holding area or in the clinic room during survey completion |
Description of sample |
What are the important characteristics of the sample? eg, demographic data, date |
Patient demographics are listed in Table 1
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Data collection |
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Interview guide |
Were questions, prompts, guides provided by the authors? Was it pilot-tested? |
Question prompts were provided by the authors. The question prompts were not pilot-tested |
Repeat interviews |
Were repeat interviews carried out? If yes, how many? |
No repeat interviews were carried out |
Audio/visual recording |
Did the research use audio or visual recording to collect the data? |
No audio or visual recording was used |
Field notes |
Were field notes made during and/or after the interview or focus group? |
No field notes were made, analyzed data were based upon patient responses |
Duration |
What was the duration of the interviews and focus groups? |
Survey completion took about 5–10 minutes; however, this was not timed |
Data saturation |
Was data saturation discussed? |
Data saturation was discussed during the analysis period (page 5) |
Transcripts returned |
Were transcripts returned to participants for comment and/or correction? |
Researchers did not use transcripts. Surveys were not returned to patients |
Domain 3: Analysis and Findings |
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Data analysis |
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Number of data coders |
How many data coders coded the data? |
Two researchers coded the data (L.M.S. and R.N.K.) (page 7) |
Description of the coding tree |
Did authors provide a description of the coding tree? |
A codebook was developed but was not provided (page 7) |
Derivation of themes |
Were themes identified in advance or derived from data? |
Themes were identified from the data not in advance |
Software |
What software, if applicable, was used to manage the data? |
Web-based and HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)–compliant RedCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) was used to store data. Microsoft Excel was used to organize and code data |
Participant checking |
Did participants provide feedback on the findings? |
Participants did not provide feedback |
Reporting |
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Quotations presented |
Were participant quotations presented to illustrate the themes/findings? Was each quotation identified? eg, participant number |
Participant quotations were presented to illustrate themes, findings. Fig. 1. These quotations were kept anonymous |
Data and findings consistent |
Was there consistency between data presented and the findings? |
Yes, there was consistency between presented data and our findings |
Clarity of major themes |
Were major themes clearly presented in the findings? |
Major themes are clearly presented—Fig. 1 (page 8) |
Clarity of minor themes |
Is there a description of diverse cases or discussion of minor themes? |
The researchers did not analyze minor themes |