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. 2021 Apr 28;11:9149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88163-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Malignant supernatant derived ascitic exosomes increase in vitro and ex-vivo migration, colony formation, and growth in a 3D matrix. Ovarian cancer cells with MAE or BAE were allowed to migrate through 8 μm polyethylene terephthalate filters along with control cells (without exosomes). Cells in the presence of MAE showed enhanced migratory capabilities as compared to those grown with BAE or controls (a). Luciferase labeled ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were also allowed to grow with pieces of human omental tissue treated with 250 µg exosomes along with controls (untreated omentum) for 5 days. The number of migrated labeled cells was assayed using an IVIS imager (b). Ovarian cancer cells treated with BAE or MAE were allowed to form colonies in a six well plate. After a week, the colonies were stained with 0.05% crystal violet, and the plate was scanned to detect colonies using a Gelcount cell counting instrument. The number of colonies in the cells grown with malignant ascites appears to be significantly more than the benign exosome treated ones or controls grew without exosomes (c). SKOV3 cells grown in the presence of exosomes derived from benign ascites or malignant ascites were allowed to grow as 3D Cultures in 3D Matrix Basement Membrane Extract. Arrows indicate invasive growth of cells grown along with malignant ascites derived exosomes (MAE) in the 3D matrix. In contrast, the control cells or cells grown along with exosomes from benign ascites do not show any features of stellate growth (d). Scratch assay showed increased motility of cells grown in the presence of exosomes derived from malignant ascites (MAE) as compared to those grown in the presence of benign ascites (BAE) (e).