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. 2020 Jul 17;52(7):1128–1139. doi: 10.1038/s12276-020-0469-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Relative body weight change during 4 weeks of the experimental period. b Representative H&E-stained lung tissues from control, emphysema, and emphysema with FMT mice (magnification: 100×). c The mean linear intercept (MLI) of lung tissues from each group. d, e The levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ cytokines in the BALF (d) and serum (e) measured by ELISA. f The relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IRF-5, IL-18, IFN-γ, TGF-β, MMP-9, and MMP-12 in lung tissues (n = 5 mice per group). Values are expressed as the mean ± SE. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. CTL control, E emphysema, FMT fecal microbial transplantation.