Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline by Treatment Site.
| Characteristic | Asan Medical Center (N = 226) | Mayo Clinic (N = 71) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age – yr, mean ± SD | 54.2 ± 11.0 | 61.5 ± 12.5 | < 0.001 |
| Male sex – no. (%) | 196 (86.7) | 61 (85.9) | 0.86 |
| BMI – kg/m2, median (IQR) | 23.2 (21.8, 25.2) | 28.1 (24.7, 30.6) | < 0.001 |
| Race – no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Asian | 226 (100.0) | 4 (5.6) | |
| Caucasian | 0 (0.0) | 64 (90.1) | |
| African | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.2) | |
| Previous treatment, no. (%) | |||
| Surgery | 66 (29.2) | 4 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
| Ablation | 39 (17.3) | 5 (7.0) | 0.036 |
| Transarterial embolization | 137 (60.6) | 23 (32.4) | < 0.001 |
| Radiation* | 33 (14.6) | 4 (5.6) | 0.06 |
| Others | 19 (8.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.009 |
| Etiology of liver disease, no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Hepatitis B virus | 198 (87.6) | 4 (5.6) | |
| Hepatitis C virus | 6 (2.7) | 27 (38.0) | |
| Alcohol | 7 (3.1) | 13 (18.3) | |
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver | 8 (3.5) | 4 (5.6) | |
| Others or unknown | 7 (3.1) | 23 (32.4) | |
| Cirrhosis, no. (%) | 144 (63.7) | 53 (74.6) | 0.09 |
| ECOG Performance Status, no. (%) | 0.11 | ||
| 0 | 120 (53.1) | 30 (42.3) | |
| 1 or higher | 106 (46.9) | 41 (57.7) | |
| Lymphocyte – /μL, median (IQR) | 1184.9 (808.2, 1711.3) | 1020.0 (662.1, 1490.0) | 0.05 |
| Monocyte – /μL, median (IQR) | 462.7 (332.4, 647.7) | 600.0 (455.0, 770.0) | 0.023 |
| LM ratio, median (IQR) | 2.6 (0.3, 10.5) | 1.8 (0.7, 3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet – ×103/μL, median (IQR) | 122.5 (82.0, 173.0) | 146.0 (107.5, 241.0) | 0.029 |
| Albumin – g/dL, median (IQR) | 3.5 (3.2, 3.9) | 3.5 (3.1, 3.9) | 0.74 |
| Alanine aminotransferase – IU/L, median (IQR) | 34.0 (24.0, 53.0) | 52.0 (28.0, 84.0) | 0.005 |
| Bilirubin – mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.5) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.1) | 0.027 |
| PT – INR, median (IQR) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 0.004 |
| Creatinine – mg/dL, median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.19 |
| Log10AFP – ng/mL, median (IQR) | 2.6 (1.2, 3.6) | 2.6 (1.4, 3.3) | 0.22 |
| Hepatitis B virus DNA – IU/mL, median (IQR) | 1085.5 (27.0, 72900.0) | 84.2 (2.3, 704.3) | 0.19 |
| Tumor characteristics, no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Nodular intrahepatic lesion(s) | 87 (38.5) | 29 (40.8) | |
| No intrahepatic lesion | 65 (28.8) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Infiltrative intrahepatic lesion(s) | 74 (32.7) | 41 (57.7) | |
| Portal vein thrombosis, no. (%) | 99 (43.8) | 32 (45.1) | 0.85 |
| Regional lymph node metastasis, no. (%) | 41 (18.1) | 18 (25.4) | 0.18 |
| Distant metastasis, no. (%) | 188 (83.2) | 18 (25.4) | < 0.001 |
| Child-Pugh score, median (IQR) | 6.0 (5.0, 6.0) | 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) | 0.002 |
*
Radiotherapy to intrahepatic lesions (including portal vein thrombosis).
SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile ranges; BMI, body mass index; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; LM ratio, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein