Table 2.
Summary of Policies and Programs Supported by the Evidence Base
| Strategy | Description | Sources |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYAM Report58 | AHA2 | Afshin et al.30 | Hyseni et al.32 | ||
| Multilevel interventions | Multilevel within schools, workplace; or, Inclusive of 2 or more strategies at multiple levels (e.g., individual-level nutrition education and school food policies) |
+ | + | + | + |
| Food pricing strategies | Taxation of unhealthy foods (e.g., sugary drink tax) Subsidies to lower prices of healthy foods |
+ | + | + | + |
| Nutrient-specific reformulation or elimination | Regulatory or voluntary policies to reduce specific nutrients in foods (e.g., trans fat and sodium) | N/A | + | N/A | + |
| Mass media campaigns | Targeting a single dietary factor or food | = | + | + | = |
| Reduce exposure and availability of unhealthy foods | Reduce advertisement of unhealthy foods Reduced availability and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and junk food |
+ | + | = | = |
| Community-based changes | School or community gardens Availability or promotion of healthy foods at small, local retailers; or in schools, including water Healthy vending machines Increased availability of supermarkets in communities with limited access to healthy foods |
+ | = | = | + |
| Direct consumer education | Taste testing fruits and vegetables Cooking programs Grocery-based educational programs |
+ | = | N/A | = |
| Food labeling | Nutrition panels Calorie labeling in stores/restaurants |
N/A | = | = | = |
Support denoted by + defined as strong supporting evidence found for one or all of the approaches listed. Findings that were less strongly supported or a cited lack of evidence by source denoted by=.