Table 2.
Some Examples of Successful Antioxidant Therapies
| Target | Disease | Antioxidant | Study outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific organelle | CVD | Small mitochondrial-targeted peptides | Inhibits lipid peroxidation in cardiac hypertension in an animal model | (92) |
| Specific organelle | Novel mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants | Prolongs survival time in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock | (93) | |
| Specific species | PD | GSH | Retard the progression of the disease | (94) |
| Specific place | GEE | Provides neuroprotection only through central delivery in an animal model | (95) | |
| Specific species | Tumor | Imexon (targets GSH) | Inhibits lung and pancreatic cancer | (96) |
| Specific species | Tetrathiomolybdate (blocks cytosolic SOD1) | Inhibits melanoma, myeloma, prostate cancer, and breast cancer | (97) | |
| Specific organelle | NAC and Trolox (no target) | Prevents tumorigenesis in an animal model | (14) | |
| Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants SS-31 and Mito-Q | Promotes tumorigenesis in an animal model | |||
| Specific time | AMD | AAV-Sod2 injection | Delays disease process with early treatment | (99) |
| Does not work when the mice were 6 months old | ||||
| Specific time | Diabetes | MnPs, analogs of SOD | Inhibits oxidative damage at diabetes onset | (100) |
| Aggravates oxidative damage at the eighth day |
AAV, adeno-associated virus AMD, age-related macular degeneration; GEE, monoethyl-ester of GSH; GSH, glutathione; MnPs, Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; SOD, superoxide dismutase.