Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Measures for Study Participants
|
HFE
+/+
|
HFE
+/H63D
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexposed | Exposed | Unexposed | Exposed | p | |
| N (with MRI)a | 21 (20) | 16 (15) | 18 (17) | 9 (8) | .422 |
| Age (years)b | 50.5 ± 3.1 | 57.4 ± 2.2 | 57.8 ± 2.1 | 48.0 ± 5.3 | .845 |
| Paraquat exposure metricc | — | 11.6 ± 1.8 | — | 10.6 ± 2.5 | .747 |
| Other pesticide/solvent usea | 10 (47.6%) | 16 (100%) | 8 (44.4%) | 9 (100%) | <.001 |
| MMSEd | 28.7 ± 0.4 | 28.3 ± 0.3 | 28.9 ± 0.2 | 28.1 ± 0.5 | .235 |
| MoCAd | 26.0 ± 0.7 | 25.6 ± 0.9 | 25.5 ± 0.5 | 26.6 ± 0.8 | .742 |
| UPSITd | 33.6 ± 0.9 | 32.0 ± 1.3 | 33.4 ± 1.4 | 34.0 ± 1.1 | .767 |
| UPDRS scoresd | |||||
| Part I | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | .402 |
| Part II | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | .904 |
| Part III | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | .012 |
Statistical tests used: aChi-square test; bANOVA; c2-sided t test; dANCOVA with adjustments for age.
Abbreviations: HFE, homeostatic iron regulator; H63D, histidine to aspartic acid substitution at position 63; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Exam; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; UPSIT, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.