Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Included studies | Tumour stage | Patients Con/Exp |
Age (year) Control vs Experimental |
Intervening measure Control vs Experimental |
Dosage of KAI | Duration of treatments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bao LQ 2007 | II-III | 26/28 | 25–68 (range) , 51 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40–60 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Cai F 2017 | Not given | 40/40 | Not given | Con vs Con + KAI | 40–60 mL/day | 24 Weeks, Not given |
| Cai SH 2013 | II-III | 25/25 | 49.5 ± 5.5 vs 50.5 ± 4.5 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40–60 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Cao J 2008 | I-III | 33/39 | 38–69 (range) , 57 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Chen ZC 2017 | Not given | 31/31 | 42.91 ± 10.54 vs 41.65 ± 10.79 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 14 days/course, 1 course |
| Cheng C 2019 | II-IV | 40/40 | 58.19 ± 14.29 vs 54.67 ± 12.32 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 50 mL/day | 4 weeks /course, 6 courses |
| Cheng X 2016 | II-III | 31/31 | 51.4 ± 4.6 vs 49.6 ± 4.4(mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 50 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Fu H 2009 | Not given | 18/24 | 21–72 (range), 58.6 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 50 mL/day | 10 days/course, 3–4 courses |
| Fu J 2016 | III-IV | 30/30 | 44.3 ± 7.1 vs 45.1 ± 9.3(mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 30 days/course, 2 courses |
| He S 2015 | Not given | 20/20 | 54–78 (range), 58.4 ± 4.3 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40–60 mL/day | 28 days/course, 2 courses |
| Huang JM 2018 | II-III | 30/30 | 72.2 ± 0.8 vs 71.9 ± 0.5 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 14 days/course, 1 course |
| Huang W 2014 | Not given | 30/30 | 58.1 ± 7.8 vs 57.6 ± 7.3 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40–60 mL/day | 28 days/course, 2 courses |
| Huang ZR 2010 | III | 35/35 | 52.1 ± 7.46 vs 54.9 ± 8.63 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Jin GX 2014 | III | 56/56 | 47–75 vs 45–72 (range) | Con vs Con + KAI | 30 mL/day | 60 days/course, 1 course |
| Kang SL 2014 | Not given | 33/34 | 52.64 ± 7.96 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 60 mL/day | 14 days/course, 1 course |
| Li D 2017 | IV | 40/40 | 51.8 ± 9.1 vs 52.6 ± 8.4 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 28 days/course, 2 courses |
| Li HF 2017 | Not given | 46/46 | 34.02 ± 5.11 vs 32.56 ± 4.21 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 60 mL/day | 14 days/course, 1 course |
| Liu HQ 2007 | II-III | 36/34 | 32–67 vs 28–66 (range) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 10 days/course, 2 courses |
| Liu ZH 2011 | II-III | 30/30 | 51.7 ± 5.8 vs 50.3 ± 6.4 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40–60 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Lu YX 2007 | II-III | 25/32 | 18–71 (range), 46 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 20 days/course, 1 course |
| Ning Y 2017 | Not given | 58/58 | 54.24 ± 9.71 vs 55.65 ± 9.53 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 50 mL/day | 4 weeks /course, 6 courses |
| Shi XG 2019 | Not given | 42/42 | 58.92 ± 4.93 vs 59.14 ± 5.02 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 60 mL/day | 14 days/course, 2 courses |
| Shu JZ 2013 | II-III | 40/40 | 29–68 (range), 48.6 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 60 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Sun YN 2017 | Not given | 26/30 | 56.9 ± 5.7 vs 55.6 ± 6.4 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 60 mL/day | 30 days/course, 5 courses |
| Sun ZG 2017 | III | 50/51 | 43.11 ± 5.32 vs 42.77 ± 5.13 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Tian H 2013 | II-III | 32/32 | 53.4 ± 10.5 vs 50.3 ± 8.3 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40–60/day | 21 days/course, 1 course |
| Wang KS 2010 | Not given | 26/28 | 28–76 (range) | Con vs Con + KAI | 50 mL/day | 21 days/course, 2 courses |
| Wang WR 2012 | III | 40/40 | 45–82 (range) | Con vs Con + KAI | 60 mL/day | 30 days/course, 2 courses |
| Wei MQ 2015 | Not given | 65/65 | 62.35 ± 11.74 vs 63.65 ± 11.48 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 60 mL/day | 28 days/course, 1 course |
| Yang RY 2010 | III | 27/41 | 52.2 ± 4.3 vs 52.0 ± 4.8 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 50 mL/day | 60 days/course, 1 course |
| Yao X 2014 | Not given | 30/30 | 55.56 ± 2.21 vs 56.84 ± 1.97 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 60 mL/day | 30 days/course, 1 course |
| Yi JZ 2008 | II-III | 31/36 | 54.5 ± 7.67 vs 53.3 ± 8.32 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 40 mL/day | 15 days/course, 3 courses |
| Zhang Y 2015 | III-IV | 51/51 | 35–74 vs 38–75 (range) | Con vs Con + KAI | 50 mL/day | 30 days/course, 2 courses |
| Zhou HM 2011 | Not given | 23/23 | 33–69 vs 35–77 (range) | Con vs Con + KAI | 50 mL/day | 14 days/course, 1 course |
| Zhu HX 2013 | II-III | 30/33 | 52.7 ± 7.9 vs 53.2 ± 8.7 (mean) | Con vs Con + KAI | 30 mL/day | 20 days/course, 1 course |
Control group: conventional treatments alone group; Experimental group: conventional treatments and KAI combined group. Con: conventional treatments; KAI: Kang-ai injection.