Fig. 2.

DNA damage (% MN-BN) measured in the RSMN assay in the Epiderm^TM skin model induced by 2-AAF (a, b, upper panels), N-OH-2-AAF (c, d, middle panels), and N-OH-2-AF (e, f, lower panels). Tissues were treated two or three times at 24 h intervals for all compounds (48 h treatment; a, c, e, left panels and 72 h treatment; b, d, f, right panels). Cytotoxicity measures were % VCC and % BN relative to the solvent controls which were set at 100%. All values (n = 3) are mean ± SD. **P < 0.01. PC: MMC.