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DNA damage (% tail DNA) measured in the comet assay in the Phenion® FT skin model induced by 2-AAF ± APC in keratinocytes (a, c, left panels) and fibroblasts (b, d, right panels) in two separate experiments. Tissues were treated three times (48, 24 and 3 h) with 2-AAF ± APC. Cytotoxicity measures were % AK release and % ATP content relative to the solvent controls which were set at 100%. All values (n = 3) are mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. PC: BaP.
