Table 1.
Summary of baseline characteristics of the study population
| Total population (n=6 910 695) | Hospitalised with COVID-19 (n=13 503) | Admitted to ICU with COVID-19 (n=1601) | Death from COVID-19 (n=5479) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26·78 (5·59) | 28·62 (6·23) | 30·56 (6·17) | 27·25 (6·18) | |
| Type 2 diabetes | 577 246 (8·4%) | 4256 (31·5%) | 537 (33·5%) | 1919 (35·0%) | |
| BMI categories, kg/m2 | |||||
| <18·5 | 209 497 (3·0%) | 362 (2·7%) | 12 (0·7%) | 275 (5·0%) | |
| 18·5 to <25 | 2 713 189 (39·3%) | 3655 (27·1%) | 289 (18·1%) | 1871 (34·1%) | |
| 25 to <30 | 2 306 897 (33·4%) | 4593 (34·0%) | 513 (32·0%) | 1751 (32·0%) | |
| 30 to <35 | 1 072 777 (15·5%) | 2823 (20·9%) | 421 (26·3%) | 964 (17·6%) | |
| ≥35 | 608 335 (8·8%) | 2070 (15·3%) | 366 (22·9%) | 618 (11·3%) | |
| Age group, years | |||||
| 20 to 39 | 2 384 223 (34·5%) | 922 (6·8%) | 127 (7·9%) | 32 (0·6%) | |
| 40 to 59 | 2 444 011 (35·4%) | 2845 (21·1%) | 582 (36·4%) | 378 (6·9%) | |
| 60 to 79 | 1 652 615 (23·9%) | 5058 (37·5%) | 788 (49·2%) | 1928 (35·2%) | |
| ≥80 | 429 846 (6·2%) | 4678 (34·6%) | 104 (6·5%) | 3141 (57·3%) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 3 668 308 (53·1%) | 5993 (44·4%) | 486 (30·4%) | 2304 (42·1%) | |
| Male | 3 242 387 (46·9%) | 7510 (55·6%) | 1115 (69·6%) | 3175 (57·9%) | |
| Self-reported* | |||||
| White | 4 771 657 (69·0%) | 8780 (65·0%) | 869 (54·3%) | 3796 (69·3%) | |
| Asian | 550 618 (8·0%) | 1355 (10·0%) | 264 (16·5%) | 413 (7·5%) | |
| Black | 254 507 (3·7%) | 1081 (8·0%) | 170 (10·6%) | 364 (6·6%) | |
| Chinese | 64 984 (0·9%) | 62 (0·5%) | 11 (0·7%) | 24 (0·4%) | |
| Others or not recorded | 1 268 929 (18·4%) | 2225 (16·5%) | 287 (17·9%) | 882 (16·1%) | |
| Townsend deprivation scores | |||||
| Quintile 1 (most affluent) | 1 617 387 (23·4%) | 2592 (19·2%) | 279 (17·4%) | 1134 (20·7%) | |
| Quintile 2 | 1 536 385 (22·2%) | 2640 (19·6%) | 282 (17·6%) | 1068 (19·5%) | |
| Quintile 3 | 1 353 591 (19·6%) | 2736 (20·3%) | 322 (20·1%) | 1218 (22·2%) | |
| Quintile 4 | 1 224 177 (17·7%) | 2643 (19·6%) | 307 (19·2%) | 1004 (18·3%) | |
| Quintile 5 (most deprived) | 1 149 438 (16·6%) | 2864 (21·2%) | 408 (25·5%) | 1044 (19·1%) | |
| Missing | 29 717 (0·4%) | 28 (0·2%) | <5 (0·2%)† | 11 (0·2%) | |
| Region in England | |||||
| East Midlands | 182 115 (2·6%) | 197 (1·5%) | 16 (1·0%) | 83 (1·5%) | |
| East of England | 254 006 (3·7%) | 452 (3·3%) | 55 (3·4%) | 190 (3·5%) | |
| London | 1 746 979 (25·3%) | 4699 (34·8%) | 704 (44·0%) | 1646 (30·0%) | |
| North East | 169 713 (2·5%) | 303 (2·2%) | 33 (2·1%) | 105 (1·9%) | |
| North West | 1 237 041 (17·9%) | 2610 (19·3%) | 257 (16·1%) | 1189 (21·7%) | |
| South Central | 928 765 (13·4%) | 1579 (11·7%) | 169 (10·6%) | 723 (13·2%) | |
| South East | 775 900 (11·2%) | 1178 (8·7%) | 147 (9·2%) | 520 (9·5%) | |
| South West | 698 240 (10·1%) | 715 (5·3%) | 71 (4·4%) | 276 (5·0%) | |
| West Midlands | 667 916 (9·7%) | 1417 (10·5%) | 115 (7·2%) | 601 (11·0%) | |
| Yorkshire & Humber | 250 020 (3·6%) | 353 (2·6%) | 34 (2·1%) | 146 (2·7%) | |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never smoking | 4 071 381 (58·9%) | 7634 (56·5%) | 926 (57·8%) | 2873 (52·4%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 1 610 196 (23·3%) | 4793 (35·5%) | 562 (35·1%) | 2224 (40·6%) | |
| Light smoker | 90 4031 (13·1%) | 823 (6·1%) | 85 (5·3%) | 275 (5·0%) | |
| Moderate smoker | 185 743 (2·7%) | 121 (0·9%) | 10 (0·6%) | 40 (0·7%) | |
| Heavy smoker | 91 751 (1·3%) | 98 (0·7%) | 14 (0·9%) | 37 (0·7%) | |
| Missing | 47 593 (0·7%) | 34 (0·3%) | <5 (0·2%) † | 30 (0·5%) | |
| Non-obesity-related morbidity | |||||
| Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 111 817 (16·1%) | 3241 (24·0%) | 322 (20·1%) | 1291 (23·6%) | |
| Autoimmune disease | 78 479 (1·1%) | 402 (3·0%) | 43 (2·7%) | 158 (2·9%) | |
| Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease | 69 773 (1·0%) | 211 (1·6%) | 24 (1·5%) | 77 (1·4%) | |
| Type 1 diabetes | 44 248 (0·6%) | 268 (2·0%) | 35 (2·2%) | 83 (1·5%) | |
| Chronic liver disease | 44 666 (0·6%) | 274 (2·0%) | 26 (1·6%) | 95 (1·7%) | |
| Chronic renal disease | 327 163 (4·7%) | 3397 (25·2%) | 222 (13·9%) | 1863 (34·0%) | |
| Chronic neurological disease | 232 318 (3·4%) | 2401 (17·8%) | 77 (4·8%) | 1981 (36·2%) | |
| Cerebral palsy | 6678 (0·1%) | 31 (0·2%) | <5 (0·1%)† | 9 (0·2%) | |
| Obesity-related morbidity | |||||
| Hypertension | 1 362 614 (19·7%) | 7115 (52·7%) | 754 (47·1%) | 3427 (62·5%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 415 794 (6·0%) | 3547 (26·3%) | 232 (14·5%) | 2026 (37·0%) | |
| Sleep apnoea | 91 759 (1·3%) | 497 (3·7%) | 100 (6·2%) | 180 (3·3%) | |
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 368 489 (5·3%) | 1168 (8·6%) | 114 (7·1%) | 457 (8·3%) | |
| Congestive heart failure | 93 691 (1·4%) | 1336 (9·9%) | 69 (4·3%) | 755 (13·8%) | |
| Stroke | 170 194 (2·5%) | 1732 (12·8%) | 61 (3·8%) | 1065 (19·4%) | |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%). Townsend scores were obtained for each patient as a proxy for socioeconomic status.
*
Asian includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, other Asian; and Black includes Caribbean, and Black African.
†
QResearch terms and conditions specify that reports, papers, or statistical tables that are published or released will not identify individual cases or medical practices or enable individual cases or practices to be identified; therefore, data for cells including fewer than five cases cannot be presented here. ICU=intensive care unit.