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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Oct 8;72(11):1905–1915. doi: 10.1002/art.41418

Figure 5. Extracellular vesicles convey extracellular mtDNA that is not heavily oxidized.

Figure 5.

(A) Transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma of healthy controls (top) and Yale SSc-ILD subjects (bottom) that were isolated using a commercially available precipitation method. As compared to healthy controls, (B) EVs isolated from SSc-ILD subjects contained substantially higher MT-ATP6 concentrations that (C) showed a strong positive correlation with their respective plasma MT-ATP6 concentrations. Concentrations of 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), the most frequent oxidative DNA damage present in mtDNA, were similar between healthy controls and SSc-ILD subjects when assayed in the (D) plasma and (E) EVs.