Table 1.
Baseline Patient-Level Characteristics for Study Cohort of Emergency Department (ED) Patients Who Were Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Directly From the ED or Within 48 Hours of ED Departure.
| Baseline characteristic | Patients without delayed recognition of critical illness, N = 529 | Patients with delayed recognition of critical illness, N = 143 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Characteristics | ||||
| Age, median, IQR | 62 | 52 to 71 | 64 | 52 to 77 |
| Female gender, N % | 264 | 49.9 | 75 | 52.5 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 135 | 25.5 | 35 | 24.5 |
| African American | 147 | 27.8 | 46 | 32.2 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 182 | 34.4 | 42 | 29.4 |
| Other/unknown | 65 | 12.3 | 20 | 14.0 |
| Critical illness diagnosis category | ||||
| Respiratory failure | 192 | 36.3 | 48 | 33.6 |
| Septic shock | 68 | 12.9 | 18 | 12.6 |
| sGastrointestinal bleed | 62 | 11.7 | 8 | 5.6 |
| Cardiovascular illness | 49 | 9.3 | 7 | 4.9 |
| Other | 104 | 19.7 | 30 | 21.0 |
| Unknown/none | 54 | 10.2 | 32 | 22.4 |
| Severity of illness score (Log10MPM0-III score), median, IQRa | −0.82 | −1.16 to −0.55 | −0.93 | −1.24 to −0.64 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score, median, IQR | 3 | 1 to 5 | 3 | 1 to 5 |
| Code status at time of consult, N % | ||||
| No care limitations (full code) | 403 | 97.1 | 64 | 94.1 |
| Care limitation (Do not resuscitate/intubate) | 12 | 2.9 | 4 | 5.9 |
| Night vs day shift presentation, N %a | 239 | 45.18 | 89 | 62.24 |
| Hospital course characteristics | ||||
| ED LOS, hours, median, IQRa | 8.2 | 5.6 to 12.0 | 11.9 | 7.7 to 21.3 |
| Hospital LOS, days, median, IQRa | 8.3 | 4.3 to 16.0 | 10.0 | 6.3 to 17.9 |
| ICU LOS, days, median, IQR | 3.0 | 1.7 to 6.2 | 2.9 | 1.5 to 7.3 |
| Mortality at 28 days, N % | 101 | 19.1 | 35 | 24.8 |
| Location of death, N % | ||||
| ICU | 82 | 81.2 | 26 | 70.3 |
| Ward | 15 | 14.9 | 5 | 14.2 |
| Hospice | 4 | 4.0 | 4 | 11.4 |
a
Baseline differences statistically significant, p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; BMI, body-mass index; LOS, length of stay; ICU, intensive care unit; N, Number; IQR, interquartile range; Log10 MPM0-III, logarithm of mortality probability model on admission.