Table 2.

Association Between Delayed Recognition^# of Critical Illness and Persistent Organ Dysfunction + Death (POD+D); N = 672.

Covariates	OR	95% CI
Delayed Recognition of Critical Illness**	1.82	1.13	2.92
Age**	0.98	0.97	1.00
Female Gender	1.37	0.88	2.14
Race
Caucasian	Reference
African American	1.59	0.85	2.96
Hispanic/Latino	0.79	0.43	1.44
Other/Unknown	0.64	0.30	1.40
Payor
Medicare or Private Payor	Reference
Medicaid	0.78	0.45	1.35
Self-Pay/Other	0.89	0.29	2.75
Charlson Comorbidity Score***	1.26	1.15	1.38
Critical Illness Diagnosis Category
Respiratory failure	Reference
Septic shock**	0.39	0.18	0.86
Gastrointestinal bleed***	0.23	0.09	0.56
Cardiovascular illness	0.43	0.19	1.02
Other***	0.30	0.17	0.56
Unknown/none	0.69	0.36	1.33
Origin from nursing home or facility vs. home***	3.54	1.91	6.55
Severity of Illness Score (Log10MPM0-III score)***	2.48	1.89	3.26
Hospital Length of Stay***	1.03	1.01	1.05
ED Length of Stay	1.00	0.98	1.03

Statistically significant,

^***p < 0.01,

^**p < 0.05.

Results from an entropy balanced multivariate logistic regression model.

^#Delayed recognition is defined as those patients for whom an ICU consult for admission was not requested by the ED team or who were declined for ICU admission by the ICU team while still in the ED.

Abbreviations: OR = Odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval; Log₁₀ MPM₀-III = Logarithm of Mortality Probability Model on Admission.